Methods and systems for determining an intravenous insulin infusion rate to correct hyperglycemia of a patient, to maintain euglycemia of a patient, and to prevent hypoglycemia of a patient

A method for determining an intravenous insulin infusion rate to maintain euglycemia of a patient, the method comprising:

• (a) estimating an insulin infusion maintenance rate to maintain euglycemia in a patient;
• (b) determining a relationship between a current blood glucose concentration of the patient and a target blood glucose concentration;
• (c) determining an insulin infusion rate based on the estimated insulin infusion maintenance rate and based on the relationship between the current blood glucose concentration and the target blood glucose concentration;
• (d) measuring a glycemic response of the patient to an insulin infusion given to the patient using the determined insulin infusion rate;
• (e) determining a next insulin infusion maintenance rate by one of re-estimating the insulin infusion maintenance rate based on the glycemic response of the patient at a previous insulin infusion rate, carrying forward a previous insulin infusion maintenance rate unchanged to become the next insulin infusion maintenance rate, or based on criteria for risk of hypoglycemia setting the next insulin infusion maintenance rate to be a percentage less than the previous insulin infusion maintenance rate;
• and
• (f) repeatedly performing steps (b)-(e), wherein in repeating steps (b)-(e) the next insulin infusion maintenance rate in step (e) during each nth iteration is utilized to calculate the insulin infusion rate in step (c) of each (n+1)th iteration, n being an integer.

A system for determining an intravenous insulin infusion rate to correct hyperglycemia of a patient, the system comprising:

• (a) a measurement receiver configured to receive a glycemic measurement of a patient;
• and
• (b) an insulin infusion rate calculator configured to:
• (i) estimate an insulin infusion maintenance rate to maintain euglycemia in the patient;
• (ii) determine a relationship between a current blood glucose concentration of the patient and a target blood glucose concentration;
• (iii) determine an insulin infusion rate based on the estimated insulin infusion maintenance rate and based on the relationship between the current blood glucose concentration and the target blood glucose concentration;
• (iv) measure a glycemic response of the patient while using the determined insulin infusion rate;
• (v) re-estimate the insulin infusion maintenance rate based on the glycemic response of the patient at a previous insulin infusion rate;
• and
• (vi) repeatedly perform steps (ii)-(v), wherein the estimated insulin infusion maintenance rate in step (v) during each nth iteration is utilized to determine the insulin infusion rate in step (iii) of each (n+1)th iteration, n being an integer.

A system for determining an intravenous insulin infusion rate to maintain euglycemia of a patient, the system comprising:

• (a) a measurement receiver configured to receive a glycemic measurement of a patient;
• and
• (b) an insulin infusion rate calculator configured to:
• (i) estimate an insulin infusion maintenance rate to maintain euglycemia in the patient;
• (ii) determine a relationship between a current blood glucose concentration of the patient and a target blood glucose concentration;
• (iii) determine an insulin infusion rate based on the estimated insulin infusion maintenance rate;
• (iii) measure a glycemic response of the patient to an insulin infusion given to the patient using the determined insulin infusion rate;
• (iv) re-estimate the insulin infusion maintenance rate based on the glycemic response of the patient;
• and
• (v) repeatedly perform functions (ii)-(iv), wherein the estimated insulin infusion maintenance rate in function (iv) during each nth iteration is utilized to calculate the insulin infusion rate in function (ii) of each (n+1)th iteration, n being an integer.