Caspase inhibitors and uses thereof

A compound selected from the following:

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A method for treating a disease in a patient, wherein said disease is an IL-1 mediated disease, an apoptosis mediated disease, an inflammatory disease, an autoimmune disease, a destructive bone disorder, a proliferative disorder, an infectious disease, a degenerative disease, a disease associated with cell death, an excess dietary alcohol intake disease, a viral mediated disease, retinal disorders, uveitis, inflammatory peritonitis, osteoarthritis, pancreatitis, asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, chronic thyroiditis, Grave's disease, autoimmune gastritis, diabetes, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, chronic active hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, scarring, graft vs host disease, organ transplant rejection, organ apoptosis after burn injury, osteoporosis, leukemias and related disorders, myelodysplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma-related bone disorder, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, metastatic melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, multiple myeloma, hemorrhagic shock, sepsis, septic shock, burns, Shigellosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Kennedy's disease, prion disease, cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, myocardial ischemia, acute and chronic heart disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, coronary artery bypass graft, spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, HIV-related encephalitis, aging, alopecia, neurological damage due to stroke, ulcerative colitis, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, hepatitis-B, hepatitis-C, hepatitis-G, yellow fever, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, various forms of liver disease, renal disease, polycystic kidney disease, H. pylori-associated gastric and duodenal ulcer disease, HIV infection, tuberculosis, or meningitis;

• said method comprising the step of administering to said patient a compound compound of formula I:
• wherein:
• X is —OR1 or —N(R5)2,
• Y is halo, trifluorophenoxy, or tetrafluorophenoxy;
• R1 is:
• C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl, or C2-6 straight chained or branched alkenyl or alkynyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl is optionally substituted with optionally substituted phenyl, CF3, Cl, F, OMe, OEt, OCF3, CN, or NMe2;
• C3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein 1-2 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl is optionally replaced with —O— or —NR5—;
• R2 is C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl;
• R3 is hydrogen, halo, OCF3, CN, or CF3;
• R4 is hydrogen, halo, OCF3, CN, or CF3;
• and
• each R5 is independently H, C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl, aryl, —O—C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl, or —O-aryl.

A method of preserving cells, said method comprising the step of bathing the cells in a solution of a compound of formula I:

• wherein:
• X is —OR1 or —N(R5)2,
• Y is halo, trifluorophenoxy, or tetrafluorophenoxy;
• R1 is:
• C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl, or C2-6 straight chained or branched alkenyl or alkynyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl is optionally substituted with optionally substituted phenyl, CF3, Cl, F, OMe, OEt, OCF3, CN, or NMe2;
• C3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein 1-2 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl is optionally replaced with —O— or —NR5—;
• R2 is C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl;
• R3 is hydrogen, halo, OCF3, CN, or CF3;
• R4 is hydrogen, halo, OCF3, CN, or CF3;
• and
• each R5 is independently H, C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl, aryl, —O—C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl, or —O-aryl
• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A method of treating cancer using immunotherapy, wherein said immunotherapy comprises as a component thereof a compound of formula I:

• wherein:
• X is —OR1 or —N(R5)2,
• Y is halo, trifluorophenoxy, or tetrafluorophenoxy;
• R1 is:
• C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl, or C2-6 straight chained or branched alkenyl or alkynyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl is optionally substituted with optionally substituted phenyl, CF3, Cl, F, OMe, OEt, OCF3, CN, or NMe2;
• C3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein 1-2 carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl is optionally replaced with —O— or —NR5—;
• R2 is C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl;
• R3 is hydrogen, halo, OCF3, CN, or CF3;
• R4 is hydrogen, halo, OCF3, CN, or CF3;
• and
• each R5 is independently H, C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl, aryl, —O—C1-6 straight chained or branched alkyl, or —O-aryl
• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.