Heterocyclic gpr40 modulators

A compound having the formula I′:

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, or C1-C6 alkyl ester thereof, or a tautomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, or C1-C6 alkyl ester thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein
• Q is hydrogen, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C2-C6)heteroalkyl;
• L1 is a bond, (C1-C4)alkylene, (C2-C4)heteroalkylene, O, S(O)k, N(Ra), C(O)—(C5-C7)heterocycloalkylene, (C1-C4)alkylene-SO2N(Rb), (C1-C4)alkylene-N(Rb)SO2, or C(O)N(Rb);
• represents an optionally substituted benzo-fused (C5-C8)cycloalkane ring comprising a benzene ring fused to a (C5-C8) cycloalkane ring, an optionally substituted heterobenzo-fused (C5-C8)cycloalkane ring comprising a six-membered heteroaryl ring comprising 1 or 2 N atoms fused to a (C5-C8) cycloalkane ring, or a heteroaryl-fused (C5-C8)cycloalkane ring comprising a five-membered heteroaryl ring comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms fused to a (C5-C8)cycloalkane ring, wherein the benzene ring of the benzo-fused (C5-C8)cycloalkane ring, the heteroaryl ring of the heterobenzo-fused (C5-C8)cycloalkane ring, or the heteroaryl ring of the heteroaryl-fused (C5-C8)cycloalkane ring is bonded to L2 or M, if L2 is a bond;
• L2 is a bond, (C1-C6)alkylene, (C2-C6)heteroalkylene, oxymethylene, O, S(O)k, N(Ra), C(O)N(Rb), SO2N(Rb), (C1-C4)alkylene-C(O)N(Rb), (C1-C4)alkylene-N(Rb)C(O), (C2-C4)alkenylene-C(O)N(Rb), (C2-C4)alkenylene-N(Rb)C(O), (C1-C4)alkylene-SO2N(Rb), (C1-C4)alkylene-N(Rb)SO2, (C2-C4)alkenylene-SO2N(Rb), or (C2-C4)alkenylene-N(Rb)SO2;
• M is an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, (C5-C8)cycloalkylene, aryl(C1-C4)alkylene, or heteroaryl(C1-C4)alkylene;
• X is CR1R1′;
• L3 is a (C1-C5)alkylene or (C2-C5)heteroalkylene;
• A is —CO2H, tetrazol-5-yl, —SO3H, —PO3H2, —SO2NH2, —C(O)NHSO2CH3, thiazolidinedionyl, hydroxyphenyl, or pyridyl;
• Ra is hydrogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, aryl(C1-C3) alkyl, or (C2-C6)heteroalkyl;
• Rb is hydrogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C2-C6)heteroalkyl;
• R1 is a group of formula:
• R1a is selected from H, or (C1-C6)alkyl;
• R1b is selected from H, or (C1-C6)alkyl;
• R1′ is hydrogen, cyano, aryl, heteroaryl, (C1-C8)alkyl, (C2-C8)alkenyl, or (C2-C8)alkynyl;
• and
• the subscript k is, in each instance, independently selected from 0, 1, or 2.