A monitoring method of seamless pipe or tube production conditions, comprising the steps of:
- installing an ultrasonic thickness meter and a thermometer on the exit side of a piercing-rolling mill piercing and rolling a billet to produce a pipe or tube to measure a thickness distribution and a surface temperature distribution in a circumferential direction of the pipe or tube produced by the piercing-rolling mill, and
- determining the cause of the occurrence of the eccentric uneven thickness in the pipe or tube based on the correlation between the measured thickness distribution in a circumferential direction of the pipe or tube or the components of the eccentric uneven thickness of the pipe or tube extracted based on the thickness distribution and the measured surface temperature distribution in a circumferential direction of the pipe or tube.