# US 2009/0261925 A1 · Slow wave structures and electron sheet beam-based amplifiers including same > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2009/0261925 A1 - Document ID: US20090261925A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 12/428,371 - Filed: 2009-04-22 - Published: 2009-10-22 - Earliest claimed: 2008-04-22 - Assignees: Teledyne Wireless, LLC - Inventors: Yehuda G. Goren; Philip M. Lally - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20090261925A1 ## CPC - H01P 3/123: with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides (H01P3/14 takes precedence) - H03F 3/58: using travelling-wave tubes - H01P: WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE (operating at optical frequencies G02B) - H03F: AMPLIFIERS ## Abstract A traveling wave amplifier circuit to receive an RF wave and an electron sheet beam and to effect synchronized interaction therebetween. The circuit includes a wave guide having at least a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall. The first wall and the second wall are connected to define an axis of propagation and a rectangular wave guide cross-section that is normal to the axis of propagation. The circuit further includes a plurality of first projections located on an interior surface of the first wall of the wave guide, the first projections being pitched in a direction of the axis of propagation. The circuit further includes a plurality of second projections located on an interior surface of the second wall of the wave guide, the second projections being pitched in a direction of the axis of propagation. A number of the second projections are located on the interior surface of the second wall in a staggered configuration in a direction of the axis of propagation relative to a number of corresponding first projections located on the interior surface of the first wall. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A traveling wave amplifier circuit to receive an RF wave and an electron sheet beam and to effect synchronized interaction therebetween, the circuit comprising: a wave guide comprising at least a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the first wall and the second wall are connected to define an axis of propagation and a rectangular wave guide cross-section that is normal to the an axis of propagation; a plurality of first projections located on an interior surface of the first wall of the wave guide, wherein the first projections are pitched in a direction of the an axis of propagation; and a plurality of second projections located on an interior surface of the second wall of the wave guide, wherein the second projections are pitched in a direction of the axis of propagation; wherein a number of the second projections are located on the interior surface of the second wall in a staggered configuration in a direction of the axis of propagation relative to a number of corresponding first projections located on the interior surface of the first wall. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 1, wherein each of the first projections comprises a first vane normal to the interior surface of the first wall, the first vane defining: a substantially constant thickness T1 measured in a direction of the axis of propagation, a substantially constant height H1 measured in a direction normal to the interior surface of the first wall, and a substantially constant width W1 measured in a direction transverse to the axis of propagation; and wherein each of the second projections comprises a second vane normal to the interior surface of the second wall, the second vane defining: a substantially constant thickness T2 measured in a direction of the axis of propagation, a substantially constant height H2 measured in a direction normal to interior surface of the second wall, and a substantially constant width W2 measured in a direction transverse to the axis of propagation. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 2, wherein W1 is substantially equal to a width of the interior surface of the first wall measured in a direction transverse to the axis of propagation. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 2, wherein W2 is substantially equal to a width of the interior surface of the second wall measured in a direction transverse to the axis of propagation. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 2, wherein T1 is substantially equal to T2, wherein H1 is substantially equal to H2, and wherein W1 is substantially equal to W2. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 1, wherein the pitch of the second projections is substantially equal to the pitch of the first projections. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 6, wherein the pitch of the first projections and the pitch of the second projections is a constant value. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 6, wherein the pitch of the first projections and the pitch of the second projections uniformly co-vary in a direction of the axis of propagation. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 1, wherein each second projection of the staggered configuration symmetrically opposes a pair of adjacent first projections located on the interior surface of the first wall. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 1, wherein each second projection of the staggered configuration asymmetrically opposes each of pair of adjacent first projections located on the interior surface of the first wall. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 1, wherein one or more of the first and second projections comprise a metal material. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 11, wherein the metal material is selected from the group consisting of: copper, molybdenum, tungsten. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 11, wherein one or more of the first and second projections comprise a dielectric material. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 13, wherein the dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of: diamond, beryllium oxide. ### Claim 15 A radio-frequency (RF) slow wave structure (SWS) to couple an RF wave to an electron sheet beam, the RF SWS comprising: a wave guide comprising at least a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the first wall and the second wall are connected to define an axis of propagation and a rectangular wave guide cross-section that is normal to the axis of propagation; at least one cell, comprising: adjacent first portions of a pair of first projections, wherein the pair of first projections are adjacently located on an interior surface of the first wall, wherein each of the first projections are normal to the interior surface of the first wall, and wherein the first projections are axially spaced along the axis of propagation to define a gap; and a second projection located on an interior surface of the second wall, wherein the second projection is normal to the interior surface of the second wall, and wherein the second projection is axially positioned along the axis of propagation such that the second projection is centrally located on a portion of the interior surface of the second wall opposite the gap. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The RF SWS of claim 15, comprising a plurality of adjacent cells distributed over a length of the wave guide in a direction of the axis of propagation. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The traveling wave amplifier circuit of claim 15, wherein each of the first projections comprise a vane, the vane defining: a substantially constant thickness T1 measured in a direction of the axis of propagation, a substantially constant height H1 measured in a direction normal to the interior surface of the first wall, and a substantially constant width W1 measured in a direction transverse to the axis of propagation; and wherein the second projection comprises a vane, the vane defining: a substantially constant thickness T2 measured in a direction of the axis of propagation, a substantially constant height H2 measured in a direction normal to the interior surface of the second wall, and a substantially constant width W2 measured in a direction transverse to the axis of propagation. ### Claim 18 A device, comprising: an electron sheet beam source for generating an electron sheet beam; and an amplifier circuit coupled to the electron sheet beam source to receive an RF wave and the electron sheet beam and to effect synchronized interaction therebetween, the circuit comprising: a wave guide comprising at least a first wall and a second wall opposite the first wall, wherein the first wall and the second wall are connected to define an axis of propagation and a rectangular wave guide cross-section that is normal to the an axis of propagation; a plurality of first projections located on an interior surface of the first wall of the wave guide, wherein the first projections are pitched in a direction of the an axis of propagation; and a plurality of second projections located on an interior surface of the second wall of the wave guide, wherein the second projections are pitched in a direction of the axis of propagation; wherein a number of the second projections are located on the interior surface of the second wall in a staggered configuration in a direction of the axis of propagation relative to a number of corresponding first projections located on the interior surface of the first wall. ### Claim 19 (depends on 19) The device of claim 19, wherein each second projection of the staggered configuration symmetrically opposes a pair of adjacent first projections located on the interior surface of the first wall. ### Claim 20 A two-dimensional circuit for a traveling-wave tube for millimeter and sub-millimeter electromagnetic waves to synchronously interact with an electron beam in a vacuum electronic microwave amplifier or oscillator comprising a solid body having a length, the solid body comprising a top section of electrically conducting material and a bottom section of electrically conducting material, wherein the top section is configured with a plurality of vertical vanes having a width and height and configured parallel to each other, and the bottom section is configured with a plurality of vertical vanes having a width and height and configured parallel to each and such that when the solid body is viewed in cross section along the length, the vanes on the bottom section are staggered with respect to the vanes on the top section and wherein the top section and the bottom section are separated from each other to define a tunnel through the solid body along the length.