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US 2008/0280207 A1Published application
Material Based on Carbon and Silicon Nanotubes that Can be Used in Negative Electrodes for Lithium Batteries
AssigneeCommissariat a l'Energie Atomique
InventorsSebastien Patoux, Frederic Le Cras
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Abstract
The invention relates to a material comprising carbon nanotubes, deposited at the surface of each of which is a substantially continuous film of nanoscale silicon particles, that can be used in negative electrodes for a lithium battery.
Claims22
1:
- A material comprising carbon nanotubes, deposited at the surface of each of which is a substantially continuous film of nanoscale silicon particles.
2:
- The material according to claim 1, in which the film has a thickness ranging from 1 to 50 nm.
3:
- The material according to claim 1, in which the carbon nanotubes are positioned substantially parallel to one another.
4:
- The material according to claim 1, in which the carbon nanotubes are attached to a substrate via one of their ends.
5:
- The material according to claim 4, in which the carbon nanotubes are positioned substantially perpendicular relative to the substrate.
6:
- The material according to claim 4, in which the substrate is electrically conductive.
7:
- A process for preparing a material comprising carbon nanotubes, deposited at the surface of each of which is a substantially continuous film of nanoscale silicon particles, successively comprising:
- a step of growing carbon nanotubes;
- and
- a step of depositing a substantially continuous film of nanoscale silicon particles on the surface of these nanotubes.
1 more element
8:
- The process according to claim 7, in which the carbon nanotubes are produced by using an energy source chosen from a laser or electric arc and by using a carbon-based target.
9:
- The process according to claim 7, in which the carbon nanotubes are produced by decomposition of a hydrocarbon-based gas over a metallic catalyst.
10:
- The process according to claim 9, in which the metallic catalyst is a catalyst based on Ni, Co or Fe.
11:
- The process according to claim 7, in which the film of nanoscale silicon particles is deposited by chemical vapour deposition starting from silylated precursors.
12:
- The process according to claim 11, in which the silylated precursor is the silane SiH4.
13:
- An electrode comprising a material such as defined according to claim 1.
14:
- The electrode according to claim 13, which is a negative electrode for a lithium battery.
15:
- A lithium battery comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising:
- a negative electrode such as defined in claim 14;
- a positive electrode;
- and
- a separator placed between said negative electrode and said positive electrode, which separator comprises a lithium-ion conductive electrolyte.
2 more elements
16:
- The lithium battery according to claim 15, in which the positive electrode comprises a material chosen from lithiated transition metal phosphates, lithiated transition metal oxides and mixtures of these.
17:
- The lithium battery according to claim 15, in which the positive electrode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of LiFex1Mn1−x1PO4 with 0≦x1≦1, and Li(Co,Ni,Mn,Al)O2.
18:
- The lithium battery according to claim 15, in which the separator is in the form of a porous component containing a lithium-ion conductive liquid electrolyte.
19:
- The lithium battery according to claim 18, in which the lithium-ion conductive liquid electrolyte comprises an aprotic liquid solvent in which a lithium salt is dissolved.
20:
- The lithium battery according to claim 19, in which the aprotic liquid solvent is a carbonated solvent.
21:
- The lithium battery according to claim 20, in which the carbonated solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate.
22:
- The lithium battery according to claim 19, in which the lithium salt is chosen from LiPF6, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiCF3SO3, LiN(CF3SO2)3, LiN(C2F6SO2).