# US 2008/0189330 A1 · Probabilistic Audio Networks > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2008/0189330 A1 - Document ID: US20080189330A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 11/793,410 - Filed: 2005-12-15 - Published: 2008-08-07 - Earliest claimed: 2004-12-15 - Inventors: Holger H. Hoos; Juergen Kilian; Ronald A. Rensink - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20080189330A1 ## CPC - G11B 27/002: {Programmed access in sequence to a plurality of record carriers or indexed parts, e.g. tracks, thereof, e.g. for editing; (transfer of record carriers from magazine G11B15/68, G11B17/10; G11B17/22)} - G06F 16/639: {using playlists} - G06F 16/68: Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually - G06F 16/683: using metadata automatically derived from the content - G11B 2220/412: Distributed storage methods, i.e. the system may autonomously determine for a storage device that provides enough storage capacity for recording - G11B: INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER (recording measured values in a way that does not require playback through a transducer G01D9/00; recording or playback apparatus using mechanically marked tape, e.g. punched paper tape, or using unit records, e.g. punched or magnetically marked cards G06K; transferring data from one type of record carrier to another G06K1/18; circuits for coupling output of reproducer to radio receiver H04B1/20; gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers or circuits therefor H04R) - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) ## Abstract Systems and methods for selecting media tracks for playback from among a network of accessible media tracks involve providing a probabilistic network of accessible media tracks and a current track from among the tracks in the network. The network comprises, for each individual track, a corresponding plurality of potentially subsequent tracks and a corresponding plurality of selection probabilities, each of the corresponding plurality of selection probabilities indicating a probability that an associated one of the corresponding plurality of potentially subsequent tracks is selected as a subsequent track when the individual track is the current track. The method also involves selecting a first subsequent track from among the plurality of potentially subsequent tracks corresponding to the current track in accordance with the plurality of selection probabilities corresponding to the current track. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for selecting media tracks for playback from among a set of accessible media tracks, the method comprising: providing a set of accessible media tracks and a current track from among the set of accessible media tracks; establishing, for each individual media track in the set of accessible media tracks, one or more selection probabilities corresponding to the individual media track, each of the one or more selection probabilities indicating a probability that an associated potentially subsequent track is selected as a subsequent track when the individual media track is the current track; and selecting a first subsequent track in accordance with the one or more selection probabilities corresponding to the current track. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 wherein the one or more selection probabilities corresponding to the current track comprise at least three selection probabilities that are different from one another. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 wherein, for each individual track in the set of accessible media tracks, the one or more selection probabilities corresponding the individual track comprise at least three selection probabilities that are different from one another. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) A method according to claim 3 wherein, for each individual track in the set of accessible tracks, the one or more selection probabilities corresponding to the individual media track depend, at least in part, on one or more properties of the individual media track. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) A method according to claim 4 wherein each of the one or more selection probabilities corresponding to the current track depends on a relative similarity between one or more properties of the current track and one or more corresponding properties of the associated potentially subsequent track. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) A method according to claim 5 wherein the one or more properties of the current track and the one or more corresponding properties of the associated potentially subsequent track comprise metadata associated with the current track and corresponding metadata associated with the associated potentially subsequent track. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) A method according to claim 6 wherein the metadata associated with the current track comprises one or more of: one or more artists involved in creating the current track; an album on which the current track was released; one or more genres into which the current track may be categorized; a title of the current track; one or more dates associated with the current track; one or more rankings of the current track on one or more corresponding music lists; and membership of the current track on one or more music lists. ### Claim 8 (canceled) ### Claim 9 (depends on 5) A method according to claim 5 wherein the one or more properties of the current track and the one or more corresponding properties of the associated potentially subsequent track comprise audio data related to the current track and corresponding audio data related to the associated potentially subsequent track. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) A method according to claim 9 wherein the audio data related to the current track comprises one or more of: temporal length of the current track; one or more rhythmic properties of the current track; one or more timbral properties of the current track; one or more spectral properties of the current track; a bit rate of the current track; an encoding format of the current track; a playback counter associated with the current track; and a last played time stamp associated with the current track. ### Claim 11 (canceled) ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) A method according to any claim 9 comprising, prior to establishing the one or more selection probabilities corresponding to the current track, analyzing the current track to extract the audio data related to the current track. ### Claim 13 (depends on 5) A method according to claim 5 comprising automatically determining the relative similarity between one or more properties of the current track and the one or more corresponding properties of the associated potentially subsequent track by determining a vector distance between the one or more properties of the current track and the one or more corresponding properties of the associated potentially subsequent track. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) A method according to claim 13 wherein the vector distance is determined in accordance with at least one of: a Euclidean norm-based vector distance function and a cosine-based vector distance function. ### Claim 15 (depends on 5) A method according to claim 5 comprising automatically determining the relative similarity between one or more properties of the current track and one or more corresponding properties of the associated potentially subsequent track by: training a classifier using a set of training vectors, each training vector comprising concatenated properties of a pair of known audio tracks and using labels of discrete similarity levels for each training vector; continuing training until the classifier develops a set of parameters to map a vector containing concatenated properties of a pair of arbitrary audio tracks to one of the labels of discrete similarity levels; and providing the classifier with a vector comprising concatenated properties of the current track and the associated potentially subsequent track such that the classifier outputs one of the labels of discrete similarity levels. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) A method according to claim 13 wherein automatically determining the relative similarity between one or more properties of the current track and one or more corresponding properties of the associated potentially subsequent track is performed in response to addition of one or more novel media tracks to the set of accessible media tracks. ### Claim 17 (depends on 5) A method according to claim 5 comprising determining the relative similarity between one or more properties of the current track and one or more corresponding properties of the associated potentially subsequent track comprises obtaining user input relating to at least one of: one or more properties of the current track and one or more corresponding properties of the associated potentially subsequent track. ### Claim 18 (depends on 5) A method according to claim 5 comprising determining the relative similarity between one or more properties of the current track and one or more corresponding properties of the associated potentially subsequent track based, at least in part, on user input. ### Claim 19 (depends on 5) A method according to claim 5 comprising determining the relative similarity between one or more properties of the current track and one or more corresponding properties of the associated potentially subsequent track based, at least in part, on downloading one or more properties of the current track from at least one of: an accessible database; an accessible local area communication network; and the internet. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 comprising providing a taboo list comprising a list of one or more taboo tracks from among the set of accessible media tracks and wherein selecting the first subsequent track comprises ensuring that the first subsequent track is not one of the one or more taboo tracks. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) A method according to claim 20 wherein ensuring that the first subsequent track is not one of the one or more taboo tracks comprises selecting an alternate first subsequent track if an originally-selected first subsequent track is one of the one or more taboo tracks. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) A method according to claim 20 comprising repeating selecting the first subsequent track until the first subsequent track is not one of the one or more taboo tracks. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) A method according to claim 20 comprising, prior to selecting the first subsequent track, adding the current track to the taboo list. ### Claim 24 (depends on 20) A method according to claim 20 comprising, after selecting the first subsequent track, adding the first subsequent track to the taboo list. ### Claim 25 (depends on 20) A method according to claim 20 comprising removing taboo tracks from the taboo list after at least one of: expiry of a threshold amount of time; and a threshold number of discrete events. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) A method according to claim 25 wherein each of the discrete events comprises at least one of: completion of playback of a track; commencing playback of a new track; and selection of a subsequent track. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 comprising playing back the current track and wherein selecting the first subsequent track is performed in response to user input prior to concluding playback of the current media track. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) A method according to claim 27 comprising, after selecting the first subsequent track, interrupting playback of the current media track to play back the first subsequent media track. ### Claim 29 (canceled) ### Claim 30 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 wherein each of the one or more selection probabilities corresponding to the current track depends, at least in part, on: (i) which of the set of accessible media tracks is provided as the current track; and (ii) the associated potentially subsequent track. ### Claim 31 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 wherein selecting the first subsequent track in accordance with the one or more selection probabilities corresponding to the current track comprises generating a pseudo-random number and using the pseudo-random number to select the first subsequent track in accordance with the one or more selection probabilities corresponding to the current track. ### Claim 32 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 wherein selecting the first subsequent track in accordance with the one or more selection probabilities corresponding to the current track comprises: assigning one or more non-overlapping domains to the one or more selection probabilities corresponding to the current track, wherein a size of each domain is proportional to its associated selection probability and the non-overlapping domains of the one or more selection probabilities span a domain having a size equal to a sum of the sizes of the adjacent and non-overlapping domains; generating a pseudo-random number in the range; and selecting the first subsequent track corresponding to the non-overlapping domain into which the pseudo-random number is generated. ### Claim 33 (canceled) ### Claim 34 A method for establishing a sequence for playback of media tracks from among a set of accessible media tracks, the method comprising: establishing a plurality of links, each of the plurality of links associating a first track of the accessible media tracks with another one of the accessible media tracks, as a potential next track, each of the plurality of links having a corresponding link strength; selecting the first track; selecting a subsequent media track from among the accessible media tracks associated, as potential next tracks, with the first track, wherein selecting the subsequent media track is performed in a probabilistic manner, such that relative link strengths of the plurality of links determine, at least in part, a probability for selecting a particular one of the accessible media tracks associated, as potential next tracks, with the first track to be the subsequent media track. ### Claim 35 (depends on 34) A method according to claim 34 wherein the plurality of links comprises three or more links and wherein the link strengths of the three or more links are all different from one another. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) A method according to claim 35 wherein the link strengths of the plurality of links are normalized such that the sum of the link strengths of the plurality of the links is unity and the link strengths of the plurality of links are the probabilities for selecting particular ones of the accessible media tracks associated, as potential next tracks, with the first track to be the subsequent media track. ### Claim 37 (depends on 36) A method according to claim 36 wherein establishing the plurality of links comprises, for each of the links: representing one or more properties of the first track as a first vector and one or more properties of another one of the accessible media tracks as a second vector; computing a vector distance between the first and second vectors; and basing the link strength for the link on the vector distance. ### Claim 38 (depends on 35) A method according to claim 35 wherein establishing the plurality of links comprises: (a) identifying the first track and another one of the accessible media tracks as a pair of media tracks; (b) representing one or more properties of first track as a first vector and one or more properties of the other one of the accessible media tracks as a second vector; (c) computing a vector distance between the first and second vectors; and (d) basing a link strength for a link between the first track and the other one of the accessible media tracks on the vector distance; (e) repeating steps (a) through (d) for all of the accessible media tracks except the first track. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) A method according to claim 38 wherein basing the link strength for the link between the first track and the other one of the accessible media tracks on the vector distance comprises setting the link strength for the link between the first track and the other one of the accessible media tracks to be zero if the vector distance is below a threshold distance. ### Claim 40 (depends on 39) A method according to claim 39 wherein, after repeating steps (a) through (d) for all of the accessible media tracks except the first track, the method comprises, for each of the plurality of links, normalizing the link strength by dividing the link strength for the link by a sum of the link strengths for the plurality of links. ### Claim 41 (depends on 37) A method according to claim 37 wherein the one or more properties of the first track and the one or more properties of the other one of the accessible media tracks comprise metadata associated with the first track and metadata associated with the other one of the accessible media tracks. ### Claim 42 (depends on 41) A method according to claim 41 wherein the metadata associated with the first track comprises one or more of: one or more artists involved in creating the first track; an album on which the first track was released; one or more genres into which the first track may be categorized; a title of the first track; one or more dates associated with the first track; one or more rankings of the first track on one or more corresponding music lists; and membership of the first track on one or more music lists. ### Claim 43 (canceled) ### Claim 44 (depends on 41) A method according to claim 41 wherein the one or more properties of the first track and the one or more properties of the other one of the accessible media tracks comprise audio data related to the first track and corresponding audio data related to the other one of the accessible media tracks. ### Claim 45 (depends on 44) A method according to claim 44 wherein the audio data related to the first track comprises one or more of: temporal length of the first track; one or more rhythmic properties of the first track; one or more timbral properties of the first track; one or more spectral properties of the first track; a bit rate of the first track; an encoding format of the first track; a playback counter associated with the first track; and a last played time stamp associated with the first track. ### Claim 46 (canceled) ### Claim 47 (depends on 44) A method according to claim 44 comprising, prior to establishing the plurality of links, analyzing the first track to extract the audio data related to the first track. ### Claim 48 (depends on 39) A method according to claim 39 wherein the vector distance is determined in accordance with at least one of: a Euclidean norm-based vector distance function and a cosine-based vector distance function. ### Claim 49 (depends on 34) A method according to claim 34 comprising automatically determining the relative similarity between one or more properties of the first track and one or more corresponding properties of the other one of the accessible media tracks by: training a classifier using a set training vectors, each training vector comprising concatenated properties of a pair of known audio tracks and using labels of discrete similarity levels for each training vector; continuing training until the classifier develops a set of parameters to map a vector containing concatenated properties of a pair of arbitrary audio tracks to one of the labels of discrete similarity levels; and providing the classifier with a vector comprising concatenated properties of the first track and the other one of the accessible media tracks such that the classifier outputs one of the labels of discrete similarity levels. ### Claim 50 (canceled) ### Claim 51 (canceled) ### Claim 52 A media playback system for playing back media tracks from among a set of accessible media tracks, the media playback system comprising a processor configured to: recognize a current media track from among the set of media tracks; access a first plurality of non-zero selection probabilities, each of the first plurality of selection probabilities associated with a corresponding one of a first plurality of media tracks from among the set of media tracks and determining a probability that the corresponding one of the first plurality of media tracks will be selected as a first new media track; and select the first new media track from among the first plurality of media tracks in accordance with the first plurality of selection probabilities; wherein each of the first plurality of selection probabilities depends, at least in part, on a relative similarity between one or more properties of the current media track and one or more properties of an individual one of the first plurality of media tracks with which the first selection probability is associated. ### Claim 53 (canceled) ### Claim 54 (canceled) ### Claim 55 A system for media playback comprising: data storage for holding a set of media tracks; a media content analyzer for analyzing the media tracks and determining, for each media track, four or more of the following properties: temporal length of the media track; one or more rhythmic properties of the media track; one or more timbral properties of the media track; one or more spectral properties of the media track; a bit rate of the media track; an encoding format of the media track; a playback counter associated with the media track; and a last played time stamp associated with the media track; one or more artists involved in creating the media track; an album on which the media track was released; one or more genres into which the media track may be categorized; a title of the media track; one or more dates associated with the media track; one or more rankings of the media track on one or more corresponding music lists; and membership of the media track on one or more music lists; a probability assessor for determining a probability of a transition from each media track to each of the other media tracks in the set based, at least in part, on the properties determined by the media content analyzer; a playlist generator for selecting a sequence of media tracks based at least in part on the probabilities determined by the probability assessor.