# US 2008/0185557 A1 · High-Intensity, Persistent Photoluminescent Formulations and Objects, and Methods for Creating the Same > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2008/0185557 A1 - Document ID: US20080185557A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 11/793,376 - Filed: 2005-12-20 - Published: 2008-08-07 - Earliest claimed: 2004-12-20 - Assignees: Performance Indicator, LLC - Inventors: Satish Agrawal; Edward Kingsley - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20080185557A1 ## CPC - C09K 11/06: containing organic luminescent materials - A63B 37/0024: {Materials other than ionomers or polyurethane} - A63B 37/0051: {Materials other than polybutadienes; Constructional details} - B05D 5/06: to obtain multicolour or other optical effects (B05D5/02 takes precedence) - B05D 7/542: {the two layers being cured or baked together} - B05D 7/546: {each layer being cured, at least partially, separately} - C09K 9/02: Organic tenebrescent materials - C09K 11/02: Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor - A63B 37/0003: {Golf balls} - A63B 43/06: with illuminating devices {; with reflective surfaces} - A63B 2225/76: with means enabling use in the dark, other than powered illuminating means - C09K 2211/1007: Non-condensed systems - C09K 2211/1088: containing oxygen as the only heteroatom - Y10T 428/31504: Composite [nonstructural laminate] - Y10T 428/31663: As siloxane, silicone or silane - Y10T 428/31786: Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.] - Y10T 428/31935: Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer - C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE - A63B: APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT (apparatus for passive exercising, massage A61H) - B05D: PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL (conveying articles or workpieces through baths of liquid B65G, e.g. B65G49/02) - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract Disclosed are photoluminescent formulations, comprising an effective amount of photoluminescent phosphorescent materials, which exhibit high luminous intensity and persistence. Also disclosed are photoluminescent objects formed by applying at least one photoluminescent layer, formed from photoluminescent formulations, to preformed articles. Further disclosed are methods for creating photoluminescent objects. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A photoluminescent formulation comprising: (a) an effective amount of photoluminescent phosphorescent materials; (b) at least one liquid carrier medium; (c) at least one polymeric resin; and (d) at least one formulation stabilizing additive, wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent materials are uniformly distributed within said formulation, wherein there are no additional materials that are absorptive colorant pigments, and further wherein said stabilizing additive is not in a solid particulate state in said liquid carrier medium. ### Claim 2 A photoluminescent formulation comprising: (a) an effective amount of photoluminescent phosphorescent materials; (b) at least one liquid carrier medium; (c) at least one polymeric resin; and (d) at least one formulation stabilizing additive, wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent materials are uniformly distributed within said formulation, wherein there are no additional materials that are absorptive colorant pigments, wherein said formulation stabilizing additive comprises a dispersing agent and a rheology modifier, and further wherein said stabilizing additive is not in a solid particulate state in said liquid carrier medium. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1, 2) The photoluminescent formulation of claims 1 or claim 2, wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent materials are not radioactive and are not metal sulfide-type materials. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1, 2) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of alkaline-earth aluminates, alkaline-earth silicates, alkaline-earth aluminosilicates, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 4, wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent materials are metal oxide aluminates activated by europium and at least one co-activator selected from the group consisting of dysprosium, lanthanum, cerium praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, tin, manganese, and bismuth, and wherein said metal is one or more of strontium, calcium, magnesium, and barium. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1, 2) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said polymeric resin is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, polyvinyl chlorides, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, and polyesters, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 7 (depends on 3, 4, 5) The photoluminescent formulation of any one of claims 3-5, wherein said polymeric resin is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, polyvinyl chlorides, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, and polyesters, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 7, wherein said formulation stabilizing additive is a dispersant selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid-acrylamide polymers, or salts of amine functional compound and acid, hydroxyfunctional carboxylic acid esters with pigment affinity groups, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 7, wherein said formulation stabilizing additive is a polymeric urea urethane. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 7, wherein said stabilizing additive further comprises a performance-enhancing additive that is a wetting agent. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 10, wherein said formulation has an FT of at least 95.0%. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10, 11) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 10 or claim 11, wherein said dispersing agent is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid-acrylamide polymers, or salts of amine functional compound and acid, hydroxyfunctional carboxylic acid esters with pigment affinity groups, and combinations thereof, wherein said rheology modifier is a polymeric urea urethane, and further wherein said wetting agent is selected from the group consisting of polyether siloxane copolymers, non-ionic organic surfactants, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 10, which further comprises a performance-enhancing additive that is a deaerator/defoamer. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 13, wherein said formulation has an FT of at least 90%. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13, 14) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 13 or claim 14, wherein said dispersing agent is an acid-acrylamide polymer, salts of amine functional compound and acid, hydroxyfunctional carboxylic acid esters with pigment affinity groups, or combinations thereof, wherein said rheology modifier is polymeric urea urethane, wherein said wetting agent is Polyether siloxane copolymer, non-ionic organic surfactants, or combinations thereof, and further wherein said deaerator/defoamer is organic modified polysiloxanes with fumed silica. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13, 14) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 13 or claim 14, wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent material is H-13, H-14, green phosphor pigment, or blue phosphor pigment, wherein said polymeric resin is NeoCryl B-818, NeoCryl B-735, NeoCryl B-813, or combinations thereof, wherein said dispersing agent is DISPERBYK-180, DISPERBYK-181, DISPERBYK-108, or Tego Disperse 710, wherein said rheology modifier is BYK-410 or BYK-411, wherein said wetting agent is Tego Wet 270 or Tego Wet 500, and further wherein said deaerator/defoamer is Tego Airex 900. ### Claim 17 (depends on 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 77) The photoluminescent formulation of any one of claims 3-16 and claim 77, which further comprises photoluminescent fluorescent materials. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 17, which further comprises photostabilizers. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17, 18) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 17 or claim 18, wherein at least some of said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials, wherein said excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials increase the luminous intensity of said photoluminescent formulation. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 19, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are in solution in said liquid carrier medium. ### Claim 21 (depends on 17, 18) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 17 or claim 18, wherein at least some of said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are emission color-altering fluorescent materials, wherein said emission color-altering fluorescent materials alter the emission spectrum of said photoluminescent formulation to alter the perceived color as compared to the perceived color prior to addition of said photoluminescent fluorescent material. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 21, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are in solution in said liquid carrier medium. ### Claim 23 (depends on 19, 20) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 19 or claim 20, which further comprises photoluminescent fluorescent materials that are emission color-altering fluorescent materials, wherein said emission color-altering fluorescent materials alter the emission spectrum of said photoluminescent formulation to alter the perceived color as compared to the perceived color prior to addition of said photoluminescent fluorescent material. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 23, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are in solution in said liquid carrier medium. ### Claim 25 (depends on 17, 18) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 17 or claim 18, wherein at least some of said photoluminescent fluorescent materials alter the daylight color of said formulation as compared to the daylight color without said photoluminescent fluorescent materials. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 25, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are in solution in said liquid carrier medium. ### Claim 27 (depends on 19, 20) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein said excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of coumarins, styrylbenzenes, oxazoles, carbostyryls, stilbenes, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 28 (depends on 21, 22) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 21 or claim 22, wherein said emission color-altering fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of Xanthene type fluorescent dyes including rhodamine and fluorescene dyes, coumarin dyes, phenoxazone dyes including nile red, nile blue, cresyl violet, phoenoxazoles styryl type dyes, Carbostyryl type dyes, stilbene type dyes, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 29 (depends on 23, 24) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 23 or claim 24, wherein said excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of coumarins, styrylbenzenes, oxazoles, carbostyryls, stilbenes, and combinations thereof, and further wherein said emission color-altering fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of Xanthene type fluorescent dyes including rhodamine and fluorescene dyes, coumarin dyes, phenoxazone dyes including nile red, nile blue, cresyl violet, phoenoxazoles styryl type dyes, Carbostyryl type dyes, Stilbene type dyes, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 30 (depends on 19, 20) The photoluminescent formulation of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein said excitation-altering fluorescent material is 1,4-Bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 31 (depends on 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30) The photoluminescent formulation of any one of claims 18-30, wherein said photostabilizer is Tinuvin 292, Tinuvin 405, Chimasorb 20202, Tinuvin 328, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 32 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) A photoluminescent object comprising: (a) a preformed article; and (b) at least one photoluminescent phosphorescent layer wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent layer results from a formulation of any one of claims 1-16. ### Claim 33 (depends on 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) A photoluminescent object comprising: (a) a preformed article; and (b) at least one photoluminescent phosphorescent layer wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent layer results from a formulation of any one of claims 3-16. ### Claim 34 (depends on 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31) A photoluminescent object comprising: (a) a preformed article; and (b) at least one photoluminescent layer wherein said photoluminescent layer results from a formulation of any one of claims 17-31. ### Claim 35 (depends on 32, 33, 34) A photoluminescent object according to any one of claims 32-34, further comprising: (c) at least one reflective layer wherein said reflective layer results from a reflective formulation, wherein said photoluminescent layer is distal to said preformed article, wherein said reflective layer is proximal to said preformed article, and wherein said reflective layer is characterized by a reflectance such that the total emission from said object is greater than 80% relative to that of a white reflectance layer. ### Claim 36 (depends on 32, 34) A photoluminescent object according to claim 32 or claim 34, further comprising: (c) at least one protective layer wherein said protective layer results from a protective formulation, wherein said protective layer is distal to said preformed article, wherein said photoluminescent layer is proximal to said preformed article, and wherein said protective layer has an FT of at least 95%. ### Claim 37 (depends on 33) A photoluminescent object according to claim 33, further comprising: (c) at least one protective layer wherein said protective layer results from a protective formulation, wherein said protective layer is distal to said preformed article, wherein said photoluminescent layer is proximal to said object, and wherein said protective layer has an FT of at least 95%. ### Claim 38 (depends on 37) A photoluminescent object according to claim 37, wherein said protective layer further comprises photoluminescent fluorescent materials thereby resulting in a photoluminescent fluorescent protective layer. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) A photoluminescent object according to claim 38, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent protective layer further comprises photostabilizers. ### Claim 40 (depends on 38, 39) A photoluminescent object according to claim 38 or claim 39, wherein at least some of said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials, wherein said excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials increase the luminous intensity of said photoluminescent object. ### Claim 41 (depends on 40) A photoluminescent object according to claim 40, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are soluble in the liquid carrier medium used in the protective formulation for said photoluminescent fluorescent protective layer. ### Claim 42 (depends on 38, 39) A photoluminescent object according to claim 38 or claim 39, wherein at least some of said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are emission color-altering fluorescent materials, wherein said emission color-altering fluorescent materials alter the emission spectrum of said photoluminescent object to change the perceived color of said object as compared to the perceived color prior to addition of said photoluminescent fluorescent material. ### Claim 43 (depends on 42) A photoluminescent object according to claim 42, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are soluble in the liquid carrier medium used in the protective formulation for said photoluminescent fluorescent protective layer. ### Claim 44 (depends on 40, 41) A photoluminescent object according to claim 40 or claim 41, which further comprises emission color-altering fluorescent materials, wherein said emission color-altering fluorescent materials alter the emission spectrum of said photoluminescent object to change the perceived color of said object as compared to the perceived color prior to addition of said photoluminescent fluorescent material. ### Claim 45 (depends on 44) A photoluminescent object according to claim 44, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are soluble in the liquid carrier medium used in the protective formulation for said photoluminescent fluorescent protective layer. ### Claim 46 (depends on 38, 39) A photoluminescent object according to claim 38 or claim 39, wherein at least some of said photoluminescent fluorescent materials alter the daylight color of said photoluminescent object compared to the daylight color without such materials. ### Claim 47 (depends on 46) A photoluminescent object according to claim 46, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are soluble in the liquid carrier medium used in the protective formulation for said photoluminescent fluorescent protective layer. ### Claim 48 (depends on 40, 41) The photoluminescent object of claim 40 or claim 41, wherein said excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of coumarins, styrylbenzenes, oxazoles, carbostyryls, stilbenes, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 49 (depends on 42, 43) The photoluminescent object of claim 42 or claim 43, wherein said emission color-altering fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of Xanthene type fluorescent dyes including rhodamine and fluorescene dyes, coumarin dyes, phenoxazone dyes including nile red, nile blue, cresyl violet, phoenoxazoles styryl type dyes, Carbostyryl type dyes, Stilbene type dyes, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 50 (depends on 44, 45) The photoluminescent object of claim 44 or claim 45, wherein said excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of coumarins, styrylbenzenes, oxazoles, carbostyryls, stilbenes, and combinations thereof, and further wherein said emission color-altering fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of Xanthene type fluorescent dyes including rhodamine and fluorescene dyes, coumarin dyes, phenoxazone dyes including nile red, nile blue, cresyl violet, phoenoxazoles styryl type dyes, Carbostyryl type dyes, Stilbene type dyes, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 51 (depends on 40, 41) The photoluminescent object of claim 40 or claim 41, wherein said excitation-altering fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of 1,4-Bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 52 (depends on 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51) The photoluminescent object of any one of claims 39-51, wherein said photostabilizer is Tinuvin 292, Tinuvin 405, Chimasorb 20202, Tinuvin 328, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 53 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) A method for creating a photoluminescent object, said method comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a preformed article; and (b) applying to said preformed article at least one photoluminescent phosphorescent formulation wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent formulation comprises a formulation of any one of claims 1-16. ### Claim 54 (depends on 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) A method for creating a photoluminescent object, said method comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a preformed article; and (b) applying to said preformed article at least one photoluminescent phosphorescent formulation wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent formulation comprises a formulation of any one of claims 3-16. ### Claim 55 (depends on 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31) A method for creating a photoluminescent object, said method comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a preformed article; and (b) applying to said preformed article at least one photoluminescent formulation wherein said photoluminescent formulation comprises a formulation of any one of claims 17-31. ### Claim 56 (depends on 53, 54, 55) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to any one of claims 53-55, said method further comprising the step of: (c) applying to said preformed article at least one reflective formulation, wherein said photoluminescent layer is distal to said preformed article, wherein said reflective layer is proximal to said preformed article, and further wherein said reflective layer is characterized by a reflectance such that the total emission from said object is greater than 80% relative to that of a white reflectance layer. ### Claim 57 (depends on 53, 55) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 53 or claim 55, said method further comprising the step of: (c) applying to said preformed article at least one protective formulation wherein said protective layer is distal to said preformed article, wherein said photoluminescent layer is proximal to said preformed article, and wherein said protective layer has an FT of at least 95%. ### Claim 58 (depends on 54) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 54, said method further comprising the step of: (c) applying to said preformed article at least one protective formulation wherein said protective layer is distal to said preformed article, wherein said photoluminescent layer is proximal to said preformed article, and wherein said protective layer has an FT of at least 95%. ### Claim 59 (depends on 58) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 58, wherein said protective formulation further comprises photoluminescent fluorescent materials thereby resulting in a photoluminescent fluorescent layer. ### Claim 60 (depends on 59) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 59, wherein said protective formulation further comprises photostabilizers. ### Claim 61 (depends on 59, 60) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 59 or claim 60, wherein at least some of said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials, and wherein said excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials increase the luminous intensity of said photoluminescent object. ### Claim 62 (depends on 61) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 61, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are soluble the liquid carrier medium used in the protective formulation for said protective layer. ### Claim 63 (depends on 59, 60) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 59 or claim 60, wherein at least some of said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are emission color-altering fluorescent materials, wherein said emission color-altering fluorescent materials alter the emission spectrum of said photoluminescent object to change the perceived color of said object as compared to the perceived color prior to addition of said photoluminescent fluorescent material. ### Claim 64 (depends on 63) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 63, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are soluble in the liquid carrier used in the protective formulation for said protective layer. ### Claim 65 (depends on 61, 62) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 61 or claim 62, which further comprises emission color-altering fluorescent materials wherein said emission color-altering fluorescent materials alter the emission spectrum of said photoluminescent object to change the perceived color of said object as compared to the perceived color prior to addition of said photoluminescent fluorescent material. ### Claim 66 (depends on 65) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 65, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are soluble in the liquid carrier medium used in the protective formulation for said protective layer. ### Claim 67 (depends on 59, 60) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 59 or claim 60, wherein at least some of said photoluminescent fluorescent materials alter the daylight color of said photoluminescent object compared to the daylight color without said photoluminescent fluorescent materials. ### Claim 68 (depends on 67) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 67, wherein said photoluminescent fluorescent materials are soluble in the liquid carrier medium used in the protective formulation for said protective layer. ### Claim 69 (depends on 61, 62) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 61 or claim 62, wherein said excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of coumarins, styrylbenzenes, oxazoles, carbostyryls, stilbenes, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 70 (depends on 63, 64) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 63 or claim 64 wherein said emission color-altering fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of Xanthene type fluorescent dyes including rhodamine and fluorescene dyes, coumarin dyes, phenoxazone dyes including nile red, nile blue, cresyl violet, phoenoxazoles styryl type dyes, Carbostyryl type dyes, Stilbene type dyes, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 71 (depends on 65, 66) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to claim 65 or claim 66, wherein said excitation-altering photoluminescent fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of coumarins, styrylbenzenes, oxazoles, carbostyryls, stilbenes, and combinations thereof, and further wherein said emission color-shifting fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of Xanthene type fluorescent dyes including rhodamine and fluorescene dyes, coumarin dyes, phenoxazone dyes including nile red, nile blue, cresyl violet, phoenoxazoles styryl type dyes, Carbostyryl type dyes, Stilbene type dyes, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 72 (depends on 61, 62) A method for creating a photoluminescent object of claim 61 or claim 62, wherein said excitation-altering fluorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of 1,4-Bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 73 (depends on 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to any one of any one of claims 60-72, wherein said photostabilizer is selected from the group consisting of Tinuvin 292, Tinuvin 405, Chimasorb 20202, Tinuvin 328, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 74 (depends on 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to any one of claims 53-73, wherein said preformed article is selected from the group consisting of a pathway, a pathmarker, pathway lighting, all forms of signage, an outdoor décor item, an outdoor statue, an outdoor figurine, outdoor lighting, an outdoor ornament, outdoor tree hanging paraphernalia, marine items, a boat, a buoy, instrumentation, safety gear, a helmet, a hard hat, a vest, sporting equipment, a basket ball, a tennis ball, a golf ball, a golf ball core, a golf ball cover, a baseball, a racquet ball, a glove, an arm protector, a knee protector, a shoulder protector, a backboard, a sports net, recreational equipment, a swimming pool, a side of a swimming pool, the rim of a swimming pool, the bottom of a swimming pool, a holiday decoration, a candle, a floor, an umbrella, an automobile, a wall, a stairway, an individual stair, a sidewalk, a street, a doll, and a toy. ### Claim 75 (depends on 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to any one of claims 53-73, wherein said preformed article is a golf ball, a golf ball core, or a golf ball cover. ### Claim 76 (depends on 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73) A method for creating a photoluminescent object according to any one of claims 53-73, wherein said photoluminescent object is a golf ball meeting the specifications of United States Professional Golfers' Association. ### Claim 77 A photoluminescent formulation comprising, by weight of the formulation: (a) from about 33% to about 40% of photoluminescent phosphorescent materials, wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent materials are selected from the group consisting of H-13, H-14, green phosphor pigment, and blue phosphor pigment, and wherein said photoluminescent phosphorescent materials are uniformly distributed within said formulation; (b) a liquid carrier medium comprising EGMME and MIBK, wherein EGMME is present in amount of about 28% to about 40%; (c) an acrylic polymeric resin, wherein said acrylic polymeric resin is selected from the group consisting of NeoCryl B-818, NeoCryl B-735, NeoCryl B-813, and combinations thereof, and wherein the ratio of photoluminescent phosphorescent material to acrylic polymeric resin is from 1 to 2; (d) a stabilizing additive, wherein said stabilizing additive comprises a dispersing agent that is DISPERBYK-180, DISPERBYK-181, DISPERBYK-108, or Tego Disperse 710, wherein said stabilizing additive is present in amount of about 1% to about 3%; a rheology modifier that is BYK-410 or BYK-411, wherein said rheology modifier is present in amount of about 1% to about 2%; a wetting agent that is Tego Wet 270 or Tego Wet 500 present in the amount of about 0.5% to about 2.5%; and a deaerator/defoamer that is Tego Airex 900, wherein said dearator/defoamer is present in amount of about 1% to about 3%.