# US 2008/0185556 A1 · Oxygen generating composition > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2008/0185556 A1 - Document ID: US20080185556A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 12/011,570 - Filed: 2008-01-28 - Published: 2008-08-07 - Earliest claimed: 2007-01-26 - Inventors: Matthew J. Noble - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20080185556A1 ## CPC - C06B 33/12: the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds - C01B 13/0211: {Peroxy compounds} - C01B 13/0218: {Chlorate} - C01B 13/0296: {Generators releasing in a self-sustaining way pure oxygen from a solid charge, without interaction of it with a fluid nor external heating, e.g. chlorate candles or canisters containing them} - C06D 5/00: Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets (explosive compositions containing an oxidizer, fuels for rocket engines intended for reaction with an oxidant other than air C06B) - C06B: EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS (blasting F42D); MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES (compounds in general C01, C07 or C08; {demolition agents based on cementitious or like materials C04B41/0009}) - C01B: NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; {METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C} - C06D: MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART) (fuels C10) ## Abstract Provided is an oxygen generating composition comprising a metal powder fuel, a transition metal oxide catalyst, a reaction moderator, a binder, an additive, and an oxygen source. The additives are feldspar or anhydrous aluminum silicate, or both. The oxygen generating composition can be used to generate oxygen on thermal decomposition. The oxygen generating composition is suitable for incorporation into oxygen generating candles. Oxygen generating candles of the present invention have the advantages of lower chlorine concentration, better reaction rate control, and lesser sensitivity to temperature effects on oxygen generation when compared with conventional oxygen generating candles. Additionally, oxygen generating candles comprising the compositions of the present invention can result in candles that do not contain barium compounds, and are non-hazardous, stable to moisture, CO2, and to air, and are suitable for either wet or dry processing methods. ## Claims ### Claim 1 1) An oxygen generating composition suitable for producing breathable oxygen gas upon thermal decomposition of the composition, the composition comprising: a metal powder fuel; a transition metal oxide catalyst; an oxygen source; and an additive, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of feldspar, anhydrous aluminum silicate, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) 2) The oxygen generating composition of claim 1, wherein the oxygen generating composition further comprises: a reaction moderator; and a binder. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) 3) The oxygen generating composition of claim 2, the composition comprising: a metal powder fuel selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and combinations thereof; a transition metal oxide catalyst selected from the group consisting of MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CO3O4, Fe2O3, and combinations thereof; a reaction moderator selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, potassium hydroxide, mica, amorphous silicon dioxide, and combinations thereof; a binder selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicon dioxide, mica, and combinations thereof; an oxygen source selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chlorates, alkali metal perchlorates, and combinations thereof; and the additive, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of feldspar, anhydrous aluminum silicate, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) 4) The oxygen generating composition of claim 3, wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 8.0 percent by weight of the metal powder fuel, wherein the metal powder fuel is selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and combinations thereof; wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of the transition metal oxide catalyst, wherein the transition metal oxide catalyst is selected from the group consisting of MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CO3O4, Fe2O3, and combinations thereof; wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 5.0 percent by weight of potassium hydroxide as the reaction moderator; wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 4.4 percent by weight of the mica and approximately 0.0 to 2.0 percent by weight of the amorphous silicon dioxide as the binder; wherein the composition comprises approximately 60 to 92 percent by weight sodium chlorate as the oxygen source; and wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 3.0 percent by weight of the feldspar and approximately 0.1 to 3.0 percent by weight of the anhydrous aluminum silicate the additive. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) 5) The oxygen generating composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of feldspar. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) 6) The oxygen generating composition of claim 1, wherein the feldspar comprises: approximately 68 percent by weight of silicon dioxide; approximately 19 percent by weight of aluminum oxide; approximately 6.5 percent by weight of sodium oxide; approximately 4.5 percent by weight of potassium oxide; and approximately 1.6 percent by weight of calcium oxide. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) 7) The oxygen generating composition of claim 1, wherein the feldspar comprises: approximately 0 to 17 percent by weight of potassium oxide; approximately 0 to 12 percent by weight of sodium oxide; approximately 0 to 20 percent by weight of calcium oxide; approximately 18 to 36 percent by weight of aluminum oxide; and approximately 44 to 70 percent by weight of silicon dioxide. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) 8) The oxygen generating composition of claim 1, wherein the anhydrous aluminum silicate comprises: approximately 50 percent by weight of silicon dioxide; approximately 42 percent by weight of aluminum oxide; and approximately 2.5 percent by weight of titanium dioxide. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) 9) The oxygen generating composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is capable of producing breathable oxygen gas at a flow rate of approximately 0.1 to 30 L/min. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) 10) The oxygen generating composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises: a pyrotechnic powder, wherein the pyrotechnic powder is in the form of a loose powder, a compacted layer on the top of the candle, a pellet pressed into the candle, or packed in a metal tube that is pressed into the candle; and an ignition layer, wherein the ignition layer comprises a fuel and/or catalyst rich mixture, a binder, and an oxygen source. ### Claim 11 11) An oxygen generating candle for producing breathable oxygen gas upon thermal decomposition of the candle, said candle comprising: a plurality of layers of oxygen generating compositions, wherein at least one of the layers comprises: a metal powder fuel; a transition metal oxide catalyst; an oxygen source; and an additive, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of feldspar, anhydrous aluminum silicate, and combinations thereof, the oxygen generating candle being operable for producing breathable oxygen for a period of at least several minutes. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) 12) The oxygen generating candle of claim 11, wherein at least one of the layers further comprises: a reaction moderator; and a binder; ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) 13) The oxygen generating candle of claim 11, wherein the candle further comprises: a pyrotechnic powder, wherein the pyrotechnic powder is in the form of a loose powder, a compacted layer on the top of the candle, a pellet pressed into the candle, or packed in a metal tube that is pressed into the candle; and an ignition layer, wherein the ignition layer comprises a fuel and/or catalyst rich mixture, a binder, and an oxygen source. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) 14) The oxygen generating candle of claim 12, wherein at least one of the layers comprises: a metal powder fuel selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and combinations thereof; a transition metal oxide catalyst selected from the group consisting of MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CO3O4, Fe2O3, and combinations thereof; a reaction moderator selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, potassium hydroxide, mica, amorphous silicon dioxide, and combinations thereof; a binder selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicon dioxide, mica, and combinations thereof; an oxygen source selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chlorates, alkali metal perchlorates, and combinations thereof; and the additive, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of feldspar, anhydrous aluminum silicate, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) 15) The oxygen generating candle of claim 14 wherein at least one of the layers comprises: approximately 0.1 to 8.0 percent by weight of the metal powder fuel, wherein the metal powder fuel is selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and combinations thereof; approximately 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of the transition metal oxide catalyst, wherein the transition metal oxide catalyst is selected from the group consisting of MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CO3O4, Fe2O3, and combinations thereof; approximately 0.1 to 5.0 percent by weight of potassium hydroxide as the reaction moderator; approximately 0.1 to 4.4 percent by weight of the mica and approximately 0.1 to 3 percent by weight of amorphous silicon dioxide as the binder; approximately 60 to 92 percent by weight of the sodium chlorate as the oxygen source; and approximately 0.1 to 3.0 percent by weight of the feldspar and approximately 0.1 to 3.0 percent by weight of the anhydrous aluminum silicate as the binder. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) 16) The oxygen generating candle of claim 11 wherein at least one of the layers comprises approximately 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of feldspar. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) 17) The oxygen generating candle of claim 11, wherein the feldspar comprises: approximately 68 percent by weight of silicon dioxide; approximately 19 percent by weight of aluminum oxide; approximately 6.5 percent by weight of sodium oxide; approximately 4.5 percent by weight of potassium oxide; and approximately 1.6 percent by weight of calcium oxide. ### Claim 18 (depends on 11) 18) The oxygen generating composition of claim 11, wherein the feldspar comprises: approximately 0 to 17 percent by weight of potassium oxide; approximately 0 to 12 percent by weight of sodium oxide; approximately 0 to 20 percent by weight of calcium oxide; approximately 18 to 36 percent by weight of aluminum oxide; and approximately 44 to 70 percent by weight of silicon dioxide. ### Claim 19 (depends on 11) 19) The oxygen generating candle of claim 11, wherein the anhydrous aluminum silicate comprises: approximately 50 percent by weight of silicon dioxide; approximately 42 percent by weight of aluminum oxide; and approximately 2.5 percent by weight of titanium dioxide. ### Claim 20 (depends on 11) 20) The oxygen generating candle of claim 11, wherein the candle is capable of producing breathable oxygen gas at a flow rate of approximately 0.1 to 30 L/min. ### Claim 21 21) An improvement in an oxygen generating composition for producing breathable oxygen gas for at least several minutes upon thermal decomposition of the composition, the composition comprising: a metal powder fuel; a transition metal oxide catalyst; an oxygen source; wherein the improvement comprises: an additive selected from the group consisting of feldspar, anhydrous aluminum silicate, and combinations thereof, wherein the additive is wet processible, and wherein the feldspar is incorporated into the composition for suppression of residual chlorine, and wherein the anhydrous aluminum silicate is incorporated into the composition to increase the available oxygen content of a candle comprising the oxygen generating composition or to decrease the size of a candle comprising the oxygen generating composition. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) 22) The oxygen generating composition of claim 21, wherein the oxygen generating composition further comprises: a reaction rate moderator; and a binder. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) 23) The oxygen generating composition from claim 22, the composition comprising: a metal powder fuel selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and combinations thereof; a transition metal oxide catalyst selected from the group consisting of MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CO3O4, Fe2O3, and combinations thereof; a reaction rate moderator selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, potassium hydroxide, mica, amorphous silicon dioxide, and combinations thereof; a binder selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicon dioxide, and mica, and combinations thereof; an oxygen source selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chlorates, alkali metal perchlorates, and combinations thereof; and the additive selected from the group consisting of feldspar, anhydrous aluminum silicate, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) 24) The oxygen generating composition of claim 23, wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 8.0 percent by weight of the metal powder fuel, wherein the metal powder fuel is selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and combinations thereof; wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of the transition metal catalyst, wherein the transition metal oxide catalyst is selected from the group consisting of MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CO3O4, Fe2O3, and combinations thereof; wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 5.0 percent by weight potassium hydroxide as the reaction moderator; wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 4.4 percent by weight of the mica and approximately 0.1 to 2.0 percent by weight of the amorphous silicon dioxide as the binder; wherein the composition comprises approximately 60 to 92 percent by weight sodium chlorate as the oxygen source; and wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 3.0 percent by weight of the feldspar and approximately 0.1 to 3.0 percent by weight of the anhydrous aluminum silicate as the additive. ### Claim 25 (depends on 21) 25) The oxygen generating composition of claim 21 wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of feldspar. ### Claim 26 (depends on 21) 26) The oxygen generating composition of claim 21, wherein the feldspar comprises: approximately 68 percent by weight of silicon dioxide; approximately 19 percent by weight of aluminum oxide; approximately 6.5 percent by weight of sodium oxide; approximately 4.5 percent by weight of potassium oxide; and approximately 1.6 percent by weight of calcium oxide. ### Claim 27 (depends on 21) 27) The oxygen generating composition of claim 21, wherein the feldspar comprises: approximately 0 to 17 percent by weight of potassium oxide; approximately 0 to 12 percent by weight of sodium oxide; approximately 0 to 20 percent by weight of calcium oxide; approximately 18 to 36 percent by weight of aluminum oxide; and approximately 44 to 70 percent by weight of silicon dioxide. ### Claim 28 (depends on 21) 28) The oxygen generating composition of claim 21, wherein the anhydrous aluminum silicate comprises: approximately 50 percent by weight of silicon dioxide; approximately 42 percent by weight of aluminum oxide; and approximately 2.5 percent by weight of titanium dioxide. ### Claim 29 (depends on 21) 29) The improved oxygen generating composition of claim 21, wherein the composition is capable of producing breathable oxygen gas at a flow rate of approximately 0.1 to 30 L/min. ### Claim 30 (depends on 21) 30) The oxygen generating composition of claim 21, wherein the composition further comprises: a pyrotechnic powder, wherein the pyrotechnic powder is in the form of a loose powder, a compacted layer on the top of the candle, a pellet pressed into the candle, or packed in a metal tube that is pressed into the candle; and an ignition layer, wherein the ignition layer comprises a fuel and/or catalyst rich mixture, a binder, and an oxygen source.