# US 2008/0184618 A1 · Virus-Interacting Layered Phyllosilicates and Methods of Use > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2008/0184618 A1 - Document ID: US20080184618A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 11/959,021 - Filed: 2007-12-18 - Published: 2008-08-07 - Earliest claimed: 2005-08-03 - Assignees: AMCOL International Corporation - Inventors: Jerald W. Darlington; John Hughes; Panayiotis P. Constantinides; Mingming Fang; Jason H. St. Onge - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20080184618A1 ## CPC - C09C 1/42: Clays - A01N 59/00: Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds - A61K 9/0014: {Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions (non-active ingredients are additionally classified in A61K47/00; A61K9/0009, A61K9/0021, A61K9/7015, A61K9/7023 take precedence; cosmetic preparations A61K8/00, A61Q; preparations for wound dressings or bandages A61L26/00)} - A61K 9/0034: {Urogenital system, e.g. vagina, uterus, cervix, penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder; Personal lubricants} - A61K 9/06: Ointments; Bases therefor; {Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels (composition of ointments, creams or gels A61K47/00)} - A61K 33/00: Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients - A61K 45/06: Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca - A61K 47/02: Inorganic compounds - A61P 19/00: Drugs for skeletal disorders - C01P 2004/61: Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer - C09C: TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES (treatment of materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone C04B14/00, C04B18/00, C04B20/00); PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK {; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS} - A01N: PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF (preservation of food or foodstuff A23); BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES (preparations for medical, dental or toiletry purposes which kill or prevent the growth or proliferation of unwanted organisms A61K); PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS - A61K: PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES (devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms A61J3/00; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for deodorisation of air, for disinfection or sterilisation, or for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A61L; soap compositions C11D) - A61P: SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS - C01P: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS ## Abstract Layered phyllosilicates are useful for adsorbing and/or binding to and, thereby, inactivating viruses. Accordingly, provided herein are methods of inactivating a virus and methods of treating a viral infection. Methods of delivering a therapeutic agent to a mammalian subject and methods of inactivating a virus in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal are also provided. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of inactivating a virus comprising contacting a virus with a composition comprising a hydrogen protonated layered phyllosilicate material in an amount effective for virus inactivation. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material comprises at least 90% homoionic interlayer exchangeable cations, in relation to all interlayer exchangeable cations, and has a particle size less than 74 μm. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material comprises exfoliated platelets and/or tactoids of the layered phyllosilicate material. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or adjuvant. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the virus is an enterovirus selected from the group consisting of polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim of claim 1, wherein the virus is of a genus selected from the group consisting of calciviridae, norovirus and reoviridae. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of norovirus, feline calcivirus and rotavirus. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of a human immunodeficiency virus, an influenza virus, a herpes virus, a norovirus, a rotavirus, a hepatitis virus and a rhinovirus. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the virus is present on an inanimate surface. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the virus is present on an animate surface. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the virus is present in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material inactivates the virus in the gastrointestinal tract of said animal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein fecal matter of said animal comprises the inactivated virus. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said animal is selected from the group consisting of a horse, a cow, sheep, a pig, a llama, an alpaca, a goat, a dog, a cat, a chicken, a turkey, a duck, a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a guinea pig and a hamster. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of a human immunodeficiency virus, an influenza virus, a herpes virus, a norovirus, a rotavirus, a hepatitis virus and a rhinovirus. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the virus is a herpes virus. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the subject has genital herpes. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the subject has oral herpes. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17, 18) The method of claim 17 or claim 18, wherein the composition is a topical composition. ### Claim 20 A method of treating a viral infection in a subject, the method comprising administering to said subject a composition comprising a hydrogen protonated layered phyllosilicate material and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in an amount effective to treat said viral infection. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material comprises at least 90% homoionic interlayer exchangeable cations, in relation to all interlayer exchangeable cations, and has a particle size less than 74 μm. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material comprises exfoliated platelets and/or tactoids of the layered phyllosilicate material. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the subject is human. ### Claim 24 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the subject is an animal selected from the group consisting of a horse, a cow, sheep, a pig, a llama, an alpaca, a chicken, a turkey, a duck, a goat, a dog, a cat, a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a guinea pig and a hamster. ### Claim 25 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the viral infection is caused by an enterovirus. ### Claim 26 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the viral infection is caused by a virus selected from the group consisting of polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses. ### Claim 27 (depends on 20) The method of claim of claim 20, wherein the viral infection is caused by a virus from a genus selected from the group consisting of calciviridae, norovirus and reoviridae. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The method of claim 27, wherein the viral infection is caused by a virus selected from the group consisting of norovirus, feline calcivirus and rotavirus. ### Claim 29 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the viral infection is caused by a virus is selected from the group consisting of a human immunodeficiency virus, an influenza virus, a herpes virus, a norovirus, a rotavirus, a hepatitis virus and a rhinovirus. ### Claim 30 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the composition further comprises an antiviral agent selected from the group consisting of acyclovir, docosanol, ribarivin, interferons, and the like; cellulose acetate, carbopol and carrageenan (CAS No. 9000-07-1), pleconaril, amantidine, rimantidine, fomivirsen, zidovudine, lamivudine, zanamivir, oseltamivir, brivudine, abacavir, adefovir, amprenavir, arbidol, atazanavir, atripla, cidofovir, combivir, edoxudine, efavirenz, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, entecavir, famciclovir, fomivirsen, fosamprenavir, foscamet, fosfonet, ganciclovir, gardasil, ibacitabine, immunovir, idoxuridine, imiquimod, indinavir, inosine, integrase inhibitor, lamivudine, lopinavir, loviride, mk-0518, maraviroc, moroxydine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, nexavir, nucleoside analogues, oseltamivir, penciclovir, peramivir, pleconaril, podophyllotoxin, ribavirin, rimantadine, ritonavir, saquinavir, stavudine, tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil, tipranavir, trifluridine, trizivir, tromantadine, truvada, valaciclovir, valganciclovir, vicriviroc, vidarabine, viramidine, zalcitabine, zanamivir and zidovudine. ### Claim 31 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, further comprising administering an antiviral agent selected from the group consisting of acyclovir, docosanol, ribarivin, interferons, and the like; cellulose acetate, carbopol and carrageenan (CAS No. 9000-07-1), pleconaril, amantidine, rimantidine, fomivirsen, zidovudine, lamivudine, zanamivir, oseltamivir, brivudine, abacavir, adefovir, amprenavir, arbidol, atazanavir, atripla, cidofovir, combivir, edoxudine, efavirenz, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, entecavir, famciclovir, fomivirsen, fosamprenavir, foscarnet, fosfonet, ganciclovir, gardasil, ibacitabine, immunovir, idoxuridine, imiquimod, indinavir, inosine, integrase inhibitor, lamivudine, lopinavir, loviride, mk-0518, maraviroc, moroxydine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, nexavir, nucleoside analogues, oseltamivir, penciclovir, peramivir, pleconaril, podophyllotoxin, ribavirin, rimantadine, ritonavir, saquinavir, stavudine, tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil, tipranavir, trifluridine, trizivir, tromantadine, truvada, valaciclovir, valganciclovir, vicriviroc, vidarabine, viramidine, zalcitabine, zanamivir and zidovudine to said subject ### Claim 32 A method of treating a viral infection in a subject in need of treatment comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a combination therapy comprising (a) a layered phyllosilicate material and (b) a therapeutic agent. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material comprises at least 90% homoionic interlayer exchangeable cations, in relation to all interlayer exchangeable cations, and has a particle size less than 74 μm. ### Claim 34 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the wherein the phyllosilicate material comprises interlayer exchangeable cations that are predominantly hydrogen cations. ### Claim 35 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material comprises exfoliated platelets and/or tactoids of the layered phyllosilicate material. ### Claim 36 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material is present in a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or adjuvant. ### Claim 37 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the subject is human. ### Claim 38 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the subject is an animal selected from the group consisting of a horse, a cow, sheep, a pig, a llama, an alpaca, a chicken, a turkey, a duck, a goat, a dog, a cat, a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a guinea pig and a hamster. ### Claim 39 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the viral infection is caused by an enterovirus. ### Claim 40 (depends on 39) The method of claim 39, wherein the viral infection is caused by a virus selected from the group consisting of a poliovirus, a coxsackievirus, and an echovirus. ### Claim 41 (depends on 32) The method of claim of claim 32, wherein the viral infection is caused by a virus from a genus selected from the group consisting of calciviridae, norovirus and reoviridae. ### Claim 42 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the viral infection is caused by a virus selected from the group consisting of norovirus, feline calcivirus and rotavirus. ### Claim 43 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the virus causing the infection is selected from the group consisting of human immunodeficiency virus, an influenza virus, a herpes virus, a norovirus, a rotavirus, a hepatitis virus and a rhinovirus. ### Claim 44 (depends on 43) The method of claim 43, wherein the virus causing the infection is a herpes virus. ### Claim 45 (depends on 44) The method of claim 44, wherein the subject has genital herpes. ### Claim 46 (depends on 44) The method of claim 44, wherein the subject has oral herpes. ### Claim 47 (depends on 45, 46) The method of claim 45 or claim 46, wherein the composition is a topical composition. ### Claim 48 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the therapeutic agent comprises an antiviral agent selected from the group consisting of acyclovir, docosanol, ribarivin, interferons, cellulose acetate, carbopol and carrageenan (CAS No. 9000-07-1), pleconaril, amantidine, rimantidine, fomivirsen, zidovudine, lamivudine, zanamivir, oseltamivir, brivudine, abacavir, adefovir, amprenavir, arbidol, atazanavir, atripla, cidofovir, combivir, edoxudine, efavirenz, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, entecavir, famciclovir, fomivirsen, fosamprenavir, foscamet, fosfonet, ganciclovir, gardasil, ibacitabine, immunovir, idoxuridine, imiquimod, indinavir, inosine, integrase inhibitor, lamivudine, lopinavir, loviride, mk-0518, maraviroc, moroxydine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, nexavir, nucleoside analogues, oseltamivir, penciclovir, peramivir, pleconaril, podophyllotoxin, ribavirin, rimantadine, ritonavir, saquinavir, stavudine, tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil, tipranavir, trifluridine, trizivir, tromantadine, truvada, valaciclovir, valganciclovir, vicriviroc, vidarabine, viramidine, zalcitabine, zanamivir and zidovudine. ### Claim 49 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material and the therapeutic agent are administered in separate formulations. ### Claim 50 A method of inhibiting transfer of a virus to a surface, the method comprising contacting the surface with a composition comprising a hydrogen protonated layered phyllosilicate material in an amount sufficient for inhibiting the transfer of the virus thereto. ### Claim 51 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of Feline Calcivirus, Norovirus, Rotavirus, HSV-1, Influenza A, HIV and Rhinovirus. ### Claim 52 (depends on 50) A method in accordance with claim 50, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material has at least 90% homoionic interlayer exchangeable cations, in relation to all interlayer exchangeable cations, and has a particle size less than 74 μm. ### Claim 53 (depends on 50) A method in accordance with claim 50, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material comprises exfoliated platelets and/or tactoids of the layered phyllosilicate material. ### Claim 54 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein the composition is in a form selected from the group consisting of a solution, lotion, cream, ointment, powder, suspension, stick, gel, aerosol, or nonaerosol pump spray. ### Claim 55 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein the surface is an inanimate surface. ### Claim 56 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein the surface is an animate surface. ### Claim 57 (depends on 56) The method of claim 56, wherein the animate surface is on an animal. ### Claim 58 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a horse, a cow, sheep, a pig, a llama, an alpaca, a goat, a dog, a cat, a chicken, a turkey, a duck, a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a guinea pig and a hamster. ### Claim 59 (depends on 56) The method of claim 56, wherein the animate surface is human skin. ### Claim 60 A method of promoting wound healing in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a layered phyllosilicate material and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient. ### Claim 61 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material comprises at least 90% homoionic interlayer exchangeable cations, in relation to all interlayer exchangeable cations, and has a particle size less than 74 μm. ### Claim 62 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, wherein the wherein the phyllosilicate material comprises interlayer exchangeable cations that are predominantly hydrogen cations. ### Claim 63 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, wherein the layered phyllosilicate material comprises exfoliated platelets and/or tactoids of the layered phyllosilicate material. ### Claim 64 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, further comprising administering a therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of an anti-viral agent, an anti-bacterial agent and an anti-fungal agent. ### Claim 65 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, wherein the composition is in a form selected from the group consisting of a solution, lotion, cream, ointment, powder, suspension, stick, gel, aerosol, or nonaerosol pump spray. ### Claim 66 A patch comprising a pad material having an upper surface and lower surface, an adhesive on the lower surface, and a therapeutic composition, wherein the therapeutic composition comprises a layered phyllosilicate material. ### Claim 67 A surgical suturing thread coated or impregnated with a composition, wherein said composition comprises a layered phyllosilicate material. ### Claim 68 A method of promoting the absorption of a therapeutic agent through the mucosal membranes in a mammalian subject, comprising administering to said subject a composition comprising a therapeutic agent, a layered phyllosilicate material and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient. ### Claim 69 A method of delivering a diagnostic agent to a biological fluid or a subject comprising administering a composition comprising a diagnostic agent and a layered phyllosilicate material.