Solubility of Cellulose in Ionic Liquids With Addition of Amino Bases

10:

• A solution comprising cellulose, an ionic liquid comprising anions and cations as solvent and 6-30% by weight of a nitrogen-comprising base, based on the total weight of the solution, wherein the ionic liquid comprises at least one cation of formula (IVe)
• and oligomers comprising these structures, where
• the radical R is hydrogen, a carbon-comprising organic, saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic radical which has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and is unsubstituted or interrupted by from 1 to 5 heteroatoms or functional groups or substituted;
• and
• the radicals R1 to R4 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, a sulfo group or a carbon-comprising organic, saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic radical which has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and is unsubstituted or interrupted by from 1 to 5 heteroatoms or functional groups or substituted, with the radicals R1 to R4 which are bound to a carbon atom (and not to a heteroatom) in the abovementioned formulae (IV) also being able to be halogen or a functional group;
• or
• two adjacent radicals from the group consisting of R1 to R4 can together also be a divalent, carbon-comprising organic, saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and is unsubstituted or interrupted by from 1 to 5 heteroatoms or functional groups or substituted.

12:

• The solution according to claim 10, wherein anions and cations form one selected from the group consisting of a salt of the general formula (I)
• [A]n+[Y]n− (I),
• where n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, [A]+ is a quaternary ammonium cation, an oxonium cation, a sulfonium cation or a phosphonium cation and [Y]n− is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent anion;
• mixed salts of the general formulae (II)
• [A1]+[A2]+[Y]n− (IIa),
• where n=2;
• [A1]+[A2]+[A3]+[Y]n− (IIb),
• where n=3;
• or
• [A1]+[A2]+[A3]+[A4]+[Y]n− (IIc),
• where n=4, and
• where [A1]+, [A2]+, [A3]+ and [A4]+ are selected independently from among the groups mentioned for [A]+, and [Y]n− is as defined under (A);
• and
• mixed salts of the general formulae (III)
• [A1]+[A2]+[A3]+[M1]+[Y]n− (IIIa),
• where n=4;
• [A1]+[A2]+[A3]+[M2]+[Y]n− (IIb),
• where n=4;
• [A1]+[M1]+[M2]+[M3]+[Y]n− (IIIc),
• where n=4;
• [A1]+[A2]+[M1]+[Y]n− (IIId),
• where n=3;
• [A1]+[M1]+[M2]+[Y]n− (IIIe),
• where n=3;
• [A1]+[M1]+[Y]n− (IIIf),
• where n=2;
• [A1]+[A2]+[M4]2+[Y]n− (IIIg),
• where n=4;
• [A1]+[M1]+[M4]2+[Y]n− (IIIh),
• where n=4;
• [A1]+[M5]3+[Y]n− (IIIi),
• where n=4;
• or
• [A1]+[M4]2+[Y]n− (IIIj),
• where n=3, and
• where [A1]+, [A2]+ and [A3]+ are selected independently from among the groups mentioned for [A]+, [Y]n− is as defined under (A) and [M1]+, [M2]+, [M3]+ are monovalent metal cations, [M4]2+ is a divalent metal cation and [M5]3+ is a trivalent metal cation.

13:

• The solution according to claim 10, wherein the ionic liquid comprising anions and cations comprises at least one anion selected from the group consisting of
• the group of halides and halogen compounds of the formulae:
• F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, BF4−, PF6−, AlCl4−, Al2Cl7−, Al3Cl10−, AlBr4−, FeCl4−, BCl4−, SbF6−, AsF6, −ZnCl3−, SnCl3−, CuCl2−, CF3SO3−, (CF3SO3)2N−, CF3CO2−, CCl3CO2−, CN−, SCN−, OCN−
• the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
• SO42−, HSO4−, SO32−, HSO3−, RaOSO3−, RaSO3−
• the group of phosphates of the general formulae
• PO43−, HPO42−, H2PO4−, RaPO42−, HRaPO4−, RaRbPO4−
• the group of phosphonates and phosphinates of the general formulae:
• RaHPO3−, RaRbPO2−, RaRbPO3−
• the group of phosphites of the general formulae:
• PO33−, HPO32−, H2PO3−, RaPO3−, RaHPO3−, RaRbPO3−
• the group of phosphonites and phosphinites of the general formulae:
• RaRbPO2−, RaHPO2−, RaRbPO−, RaHPO−
• the group of carboxylic acids of the general formula:
• RaCOO−
• the group of borates of the general formulae:
• BO33−, HBO32−, H2BO3−, RaRbBO3−, RaHBO3−, RaBO32−, B(ORa)(ORb)(ORc)(ORd)−, B(HSO4)−, B(RaSO4)−
• the group of boronates of the general formulae:
• RaBO22−, RaRbBO−
• the group of carbonates and carbonic esters of the general formulae:
• HCO3−, CO32−, RaCO3−
• the group of silicates and silicic esters of the general formulae:
• SiO44−, HSiO43−, H2SiO42−, H3SiO4−, RaSiO43−, RaRbSiO42−, RaRbRcSiO4−, HRaSiO42−, H2RaSiO4−, HRaRbSiO4−
• the group of alkyl silane and aryl silane salts of the general formulae:
• RaSiO33−, RaRbSiO22−, RaRbRcSiO−, RaRbRcSiO3−, RaRbRcSiO2−, RaRbSiO32−
• the group of carboximides, bis(sulfonyl)imides and sulfonylimides of the general formulae:
• the group of methides of the general formula:
• the group of alkoxides and aryloxides of the general formula
• RaO−;
• the group of halometalates of the general formula
• [MqHalr]s−,
• where M is a metal and Hal is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, q and r are positive integers and indicate the stoichiometry of the complex and s is a positive integer and indicates the charge on the complex;
• the group of sulfides, hydrogen sulfides, polysulfides, hydrogen polysulfides and thiolates of the general formulae:
• S2−, HS−, [Sv]2−, [HSv]−, [RaS]−,
• where v is a positive integer from 2 to 10;
• and
• the group of complex metal ions such as Fe(CN)63−, Fe(CN)64−, MnO4−, Fe(CO)4−, where
• Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkyl which is optionally interrupted by one or more nonadjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups, C6-C14-aryl, C5-C12-cycloalkyl or a five- or six-membered, oxygen-, nitrogen- and/or sulfur-comprising heterocycle, where two of them may together form an unsaturated, saturated or aromatic ring which is optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more unsubstituted or substituted imino groups, where the radicals mentioned may each be additionally substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and/or heterocycles.