Superconductor compositions operable at high temperatures
OwnerDaniel A. Nepelainventor
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
The composition of compounds containing a multiplicity of different elements are optimized in general by full or partial substitutions of one or more of the atoms in such compounds so as to effect an Ne/χ value which represents a peak or near peak value in λ (the electron-phonon coupling constant) so as to maximize Tc for such compositions of matter.
Claims48
Superconductor compositions that are electrically conductive comprising a multiplicity of different species of atoms, characterized by having an Ne/χ value that is not a peak or near peak value of λ, where Ne is the average number of valence electrons in the composition, and χ is the absolute value of the electronegativity of the composition, and λ is the electron phonon coupling constant, wherein Ne/χ can be shifted to peak or near peak value by substitution or partial substitution of at least one of said species of atoms with an atomic species having and electronegativity different from at least one of said species of atoms which is being replaced by said substitution, said substitution resulting in a superconductive composition of matter. Ne/x values at peak or near peak values of one of the following Ne/x:
- 0.465±0.005, 0.595±0.004, 0.655+0.001, −0.004, 0.69±0.003, 0.74±0.005, 0.848±0.001, 0.875±0.002, 0.91±0.002, 0.971±0.001, 1.015±0.002, 1.07±0.007, 1.12±0.004, −0.01, 1.17±0.008, 1.215±0.002, 1.28±0.005, 1.34±0.01, 1.36±0.002, 1.408±0.003, 1.45±0.003, 1.473±0.002, 1.508±0.002, 1.525±0.002, 1.578±0.002, 1.596+0.002, 1.642+0.005, −0.009, 1.704±0.005, 1.80±0.00, −0.005, 1.86±0.005-0.01, 1.97±0.02, 2.166±0.01, 2.16±0.01, 2.34±0.01
A superconductor composition that is electrically conducting comprising:
- A multiplicity of different species of atoms characterized by having a Ne/χ value that is at a peak or near peak value of Ne/χ where Ne is the number of valance electrons and χ is the absolute electronegativity of the composition and λ is the electron phonon coupling constant. Such composition is a superconductor by virtue of its Ne/χ value and which is at a peak or near peak value of Ne/χ. Such composition can be shifted to a peak or near peak value of Ne/χ adjacent to its present peak by substitution or partial substitution of at least one of its atomic constituents by atomic species of ln valence or differing electronegativity or both such that the Ne/χ value of said substituted composition is at an adjacent Ne/χ value represented by one of the following values of Ne/χ. Wherein such said composition is characterized by one of the following values of Ne/χ:
- 0.465±0.005, 0.595±0.004, 0.655±0.001, 0.69±0.003-0.004, 0.74±0.005, 0.848±0.001, 0.875±0.002, 0.91±0.002, 0.971±0.001, 1.015±0.002, 1.07±0.007, 1.12±0.004, −0.01, 1.17±0.008, 1.215±0.002, 1.28±0.005, 1.34±0.01, 1.36±0.002, 1.408±0.003, 1.45±0.003, 1.473±0.002, 1.508±0.002, 1.525±0.002, 1.578±0.002, 1.596±0.002, 1.642+0.005, −0.002, 1.704±0.005, 1.80±0.00, −0.005, 1.86+0.005−0.01, 1.97±0.02, 2.166±0.01, 2.16±0.01, 2.34±0.01.
Superconductor compositions that is binary and electrically conductive containing one of the following transition metals, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, and also Re, and wherein the additional element is either Carbon, Nitrogen or Boron and wherein the resulting transition metal monocarbides and transition metal monoborides and mononitrides and transition metal diborides are deficient in the transition metal component such that said transition metal deficiency results in an Ne/χ value within its associated limits such that a maximum value of λ within it's limits results in a maximum or near maximum value of Tc. Said values of the transition metal must fall between 0.99 and 0.5 and be adjusted to a concentration within this range so as to achieve one of the following values of Ne/χ within its associated limits. Said, values of Ne/χ are;
- 0.848±0.001, 0.875±0.002, 0.91±0.002, 1.015±0.005, and 1.07±0.008.
Superconductive compositions that are electrically conductive and amorphous, wherein the amorphicity is induced by at least one of the following atomic species, Be, B, Si, Ge, or P and the metallicity is provided by a combination of at least one of the following elements:
- Y, Sc, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Tc, Mn, Re, W, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni. Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, or Hg, wherein said compositions contain at least 10 total atomic percent of the said amorphicity inducing element, the remaining percentage of said composition consisting of one or more of said metallicity inducing elements, wherein said final composition must achieve one of the following Ne/χ values:
- 0.655+0.001, −0.004, 0.69±0.003, 0.875±0.002, 0.91±0.002, 0.971±0.001, 1.015±0.002, 1.07±0.007, 1.12+0.004, −0.0 1, 1.17±0.008, 1.215±0.002, 1.642+0.005, −0.002 or 2.34±0.01
A superconductive composition containing at least two elements wherein the major element is not at a peak value of Ne/χ and wherein partial substitution of the major element by one or more elements of differing valence and or electronegativity result in a composition whose Ne/χ value at one of the following Ne/χ values;
- Ne/χ values, 0.465±0.005, 0.595±0.004, 0.655±0.001-0.004, 0.848±0.001, 0.875±0.002, 0.91±0.002, 1.015±0.002, 1.07±0.007, 1.12+0.004−0.01, 1.172±0.008, 1.215+0.002-0.004, 1.28±0.005, 1.34±0.01, 1.408±0.003, 1.45±0.003, 1.508±0.002, 2.34±0.01
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.