Site-selectively modified micro-and nanostructures and the methods of their fabrication

A method for producing a micro- and nano-structures, comprising the steps of:

• pressing a mold onto a substrate, wherein the mold has indentation/protrusion structures on a surface of the mold and the substrate is composed of a polymer material having a composition changing in a depth direction, to transfer the indentation/protrusion structures onto a surface of the substrate;
• and
• releasing the mold from the substrate to expose cross-sections having a composition different from that of the outermost surface onto the indentation/protrusion structures transferred.

Micro- and nano-structures which have indentation/protrusion structures on a surface of a substrate, wherein the protrusions or indentations have at least two layer structure, cross-sections of which are exposed to the outside, and the outermost layer of the layered structure and at least one layer below the outermost layer have different chemical or physical properties from each other.