A method of inducing or stimulating an immune response in a human to an EBV-associated cancer, which method comprises administering to the human a human cell line, which lacks MHC-I and MHC-II antigens and which has been modified to comprise and express a nucleotide sequence encoding an immunomodulator, in an amount sufficient to induce or stimulate an immune response, and simultaneously or sequentially, in either order, by the same route or a different route, a human cell line, which lacks MHC-I and MHC-II antigens and which has been modified to comprise and express a nucleotide sequence encoding an antigen of EBV, in an amount sufficient to induce to stimulate an immune response, whereupon an immune response to the EBV-associated cancer is induced or stimulated.