Differential multiple-norm transmit diversity with forward error correction and related diversity reception

A method of achieving differential multiple-norm space-time transmit diversity from a unitary space-time modulation scheme using at least two transmit antennas, comprising the steps:

• dividing a group of transmission bits into a first sub-group of transmission bits and a second sub-group of transmission bits;
• mapping the first sub-group of transmission bits onto a constellation matrix of a differential unitary space-time modulation scheme;
• characterized by determining a scaling factor from the second sub-group of transmission bits;
• setting up a transmission matrix through differential encoding of the constellation matrix and a previously determined transmission matrix in combination with scaling by the scaling factor;
• wherein
• Xk is the transmission matrix;
• Xk−1 is the previously transmitted transmission matrix;
• Ck is a constellation matrix of a differential unitary space-time modulation scheme;
• and
• k is a time index;
• and
• the scaling by the scaling factor comprises the steps
• determining an amplitude difference exponent qkε{−M2÷1, −M2÷2, . . . , −1,0,1, . . . , M2−1 from the second subgroup of transmission bits;
• determining a scaling factor according to [a9k]1/2, wherein a is a predetermined constant;
• scaling the result of differential encoding of the constellation matrix and a previously determined transmission matrix with a scaling factor according to
• Xk=[a9k]1/2Xk−1Ck

A method of multiple-norm differential space-time diversity reception using at least one reception antenna, wherein multiple-norm space-time modulated transmission matrices are set up at the transmitter side through differential space-time modulation from a unitary space-time modulation result for transmission of

• a second group of transmission bits characterized by the steps:
• receiving a first reception matrix and a second reception matrix preceding the first reception matrix in time;
• determining a decision matrix, a first decision variable, and a second decision variable through execution of matrix operations on the first reception matrix and the second reception matrix;
• determining a first detection output in relation to the first sub-group of transmission bits on the basis of the decision matrix and the first decision variable;
• and
• determining a second detection output in relation to the second sub-group of transmission bits on the basis of the decision matrix and the first decision variable and the second decision variable ;
• wherein
• the step of determining a decision matrix, a first decision variable, and a second decision variable comprises the steps:
• combining the first reception matrix and the second reception matrix through a first matrix operation for determination of the decision matrix in relation to the first sub-group of transmission bits;
• combining the first reception matrix and the second reception matrix though a second matrix operation for determination of a first decision variable in relation to the first sub-group of transmission bits and the second sub-group of transmission bits;
• and
• processing the second reception matrix though a third matrix operation for determination of a second decision variable in relation the second sub-group of transmission bits.

A method of outer forward error correction coding in combination with a multiple-norm space-time transmit diversity modulation, characterized by the steps:

• transforming a stream of information bits into a stream of coded bits using a pre-determined basic code;
• doubling the stream of coded bits into a first stream of coded bits and a second stream of coded bits;
• puncturing the first stream of coded bits with a pre-determined puncturing pattern to generate a first sub-group of transmission bits;
• puncturing the second stream of coded bits with a complement of the pre-determined puncturing pattern co generate a second sub-group of transmission bits;
• mapping the first group sub-group of transmission bits onto a constellation matrix of a differential unitary space-time modulation scheme;
• determining a scaling factor from the second sub-group of transmission bits;
• and
• setting up a transmission matrix through differential encoding of the constellation matrix and a previously determined transmission matrix in combination with scaling by the scaling factor.

An apparatus for achieving differential multiple-norm space-time transmit diversity from a unitary space-time modulation scheme using at least two transit antennas, comprising the steps:

• a dividing unit adapted to map the first group sub-group of transmission bits onto a constellation matrix of a differential unitary space-time modulation scheme.
• a mapping unit adapted to map the first group sub-group of transmission bits onto a constellation matrix of a differential unitary space-time modulation scheme;
• a scaling unit adapted to determine a scaling factor from the second sub-group of transmission bits;
• a transmission matrix set-up unit adapted to set up a transmission matrix through differential encoding of the constellation matrix and a previously determined transmission matrix in combination with scaling by the scaling factor;
• wherein
• Xk is the transmission matrix;
• Xk−1 is the previously transmitted transmission matrix;
• Ck is a constellation matrix of a differential unitary space-time modulation scheme;
• and
• k is a time index;
• and
• the scaling unit comprises:
• an amplitude difference exponent unit adapted to determine an amplitude difference exponent qkε{−M2+1, −M2+2, . . . , −1, 0, 1, . . . , M2−1} from the second sub-group of transmission bits;
• a scaling factor unit adapted to determine a scaling factor according to √{square root over (aqk)}, wherein a is a pre-determined constant;
• a scaling factor multiplying unit adapted to multiply the result of differential encoding of the constellation matrix and a previously determined transmission matrix with a scaling factor according to
• Xk=√{square root over (aqk)}Xk−1Ck.

An apparatus for multiple-norm differential space-time diversity reception using at least one reception antenna, wherein multiple-norm space-time modulated transmission, matrices are set up at the transmitter side through differential space-time modulation from a unitary space-time modulation scheme for transmission of a first sub-group of transmission bits and further through multi-norm scaling of the differential space-time modulation result for transmission of a second group of transmission bits, characterized by

• a receiving unit adapted to receive a first reception matrix and a second reception matrix preceding the first reception matrix in time;
• a decision information determination unit adapted to determine a decision matrix, a first decision variable, and a second decision variable through execution of matrix operations on the first reception matrix and the second reception matrix;
• a first detection output unit adapted to determine a first detection output in relation to the first sub-group of transmission -bit's on the basis of the decision matrix and the first decision variable;
• a second detection output unit adapted to determine a second detection output in relation to the second sub-group of transmission bits on the basis of the decision matrix and the first decision variable and the second decision variable;
• wherein
• the decision information determination unit comprises:
• a first matrix operation unit adapted to combine the first reception matrix and the second reception matrix through a first matrix operation for determination of the decision matrix in relation to the first sub-group of transmission bits;
• a second matrix operation unit adapted to combine the first reception matrix and the second reception matrix through a second matrix operation for determination of a first decision variable in relation to the first sub-group of transmission bits and the second sub-group of transmission bits;
• and
• a third matrix operation unit adapted to process the second reception matrix through a third matrix operation for determination of a second decision variable in relation the second sub-group of transmission bits.

An apparatus for outer forward error correction coding in combination with a multiple-norm space-time transmit diversity modulation, comprising:

• a coding unit adapted to transform a stream of information bits into a stream of coded bits using a pre-determined basic code;
• a copying adapted to double the stream of coded bits into a first stream of coded bits and a second stream of coded bits;
• a first puncturing unit adapted to puncture the first stream of coded bits with a pre-determined puncturing pattern to generate a first sub-group of transmission bits;
• a second puncturing unit adapted to puncture the second stream of coded bits with a complement of the pre-determined puncturing pattern to generate a second sub-group of transmission bits;
• and
• a multiple norm space-time transmit diversity modulation unit adapted to map the first group sub-group of transmission bits onto a constellation matrix of a differential unitary space-time modulation scheme, to determine a scaling factor from the second sub-group of transmission bits, and to set up a transmission matrix through differential encoding of the constellation matrix and a previously determined transmission matrix in combination with scaling by the scaling factor.