Black conductive thick film compositions, black electrodes, and methods of forming thereof

A black conductive composition comprising, based on the total composition weight percent:

• 3-50 weight percent of conductive metal oxide particles selected from RuO2, ruthenium polyoxide, and mixtures thereof;
• 25-85 weight percent organic matter comprising organic polymer binder and organic solvent;
• and
• 5-70 weight percent of one or more lead-free bismuth glass binders wherein said glass binder comprises, based on weight percent total glass binder composition:
• 55-85% Bi2O3,0-20% SiO2, 0-5% Al2O3, 2-20% B2O3,0-20% ZnO, 0-15% of one or more of oxides selected from BaO, CaO, and SrO;
• and 0-3% of one or more of oxides selected from Na2O, K2O, Cs2O, Li2O and mixtures thereof;
• and
• wherein the softening point of said glass binder is in the range 400-600° C.;
• and
• wherein said composition is characterized by being lead-free or substantially lead-free.