Composites and composite membranes

Covalently cross-linked composite membrane, consisting of:

• a) a polymer A with at least cation exchange groups or their non ionic precursors and a polymer C with at least cross-linking groups, which have been cross-linked by a cross-linking agent or cross-linking starter and an inorganic salt and/or oxide and/or hydroxide, which has been precipitated by a hydrolysis process and/or precipitation process in the membrane matrix and if necessary a hetero polyacid or a polyacid or their alkali metal salts and if necessary a fine, if necessary nano-sized sparingly soluble salt powder, oxide powder or hydroxide powder, which has been added to the polymer solution as a powder or
• b) a polymer D2 with cation exchange groups or their non-ionic precursors and at least cross-linking groups, which have been cross-linked by a cross-linking agent or cross-linking starter and a polymer C at least cross-linking groups, which have been cross-linked by a cross-linking agent or cross-linking starter and an inorganic salt and/or oxide and/or hydroxide, which has been precipitated by a hydrolysis process and/or precipitation process in the membrane matrix and if necessary a hetero polyacid or a polyacid or their alkali metal salts and if necessary a fine, if necessary nano-sized sparingly soluble salt powder, oxide powder or hydroxide powder, which has been added to the polymer solution as a powder or
• c) a polymer D2 with cation exchange groups or their non ionic precursors and at least cross-linking groups, which have been cross-linked by a cross-linking agent or cross-linking starter and a polymer B with at least anion exchange groups and/or N-basic groups and an inorganic salt and/or oxide and/or hydroxide, which has been precipitated by a hydrolysis process and/or precipitation process in the membrane matrix and if necessary a hetero polyacid or a polyacid or their alkali metal salts and if necessary a fine, if necessary nano-sized sparingly soluble salt powder, oxide powder or hydroxide powder, which has been added to the polymer solution as a powder.

Covalently-ionically cross-linked composite membrane consisting of:

• a) a polymer A and a polymer C and a polymer B and an inorganic salt and/or oxide and/or hydroxide, which has been precipitated by a hydrolysis process and/or precipitation process in the membrane matrix and if necessary a hetero polyacid or a polyacid or their alkali metal salts and if necessary a fine, if necessary nano-sized sparingly soluble salt powder, oxide powder or hydroxide powder, which has been added to the polymer solution as a powder or
• b) a polymer D2 and a polymer B and an inorganic salt and/or oxide and/or hydroxide, which has been precipitated by a hydrolysis process and/or precipitation process in the membrane matrix and if neccessary a hetero polyacid or a polyacid or their alkali metal salts and if neccessary a fine, if neccessary nano-sized sparingly soluble salt powder, oxide powder or hydroxide powder, which has been added to the polymer solution as a powder or
• c) a polymer D1 and a polymer C and an inorganic salt and/or oxide and/or hydroxide, which has been precipitated by a hydrolysis process and/or precipitation process in the membrane matrix and if necessary a hetero polyacid or a polyacid or their alkali metal salts and if necessary a fine, if necessary nano-sized sparingly soluble salt powder, oxide powder or hydroxide powder, which has been added to the polymer solution as a powder or
• d) a polymer A and a polymer B and an inorganic salt and/or oxide and/or hydroxide, which has been precipitated by a hydrolysis process and/or precipitation process in the membrane matrix and if necessary a hetero polyacid or a polyacid or their alkali metal salts and if necessary a fine, if necessary nano-sized sparingly soluble salt powder, oxide powder or hydroxide powder, which has been added to the polymer solution as a powder or
• e) a polymer D4 with cation exchange groups or their non-ionic precursors and anion exchange groups or other N-basic groups and with crosslinking groups and an inorganic salt and/or oxide and/or hydroxide, which has been precipitated by a hydrolysis process and/or precipitation process in the membrane matrix and if necessary a hetero polyacid or a polyacid or their alkali metal salts and if necessary a fine, if necessary nano-sized sparingly soluble salt powder, oxide powder or hydroxide powder, which has been added to the polymer solution as a powder
• or
• f) a polymer A and a polymer D3 anion exchange groups and/or other N-basic groups and with crosslinking groups and an inorganic salt and/or oxide and/or hydroxide, which has been precipitated by a hydrolysis process and/or precipitation process in the membrane matrix and if necessary a hetero polyacid or a polyacid or their alkali metal salts and if necessary a fine, if necessary nano-sized sparingly soluble salt powder, oxide powder or hydroxide powder, which has been added to the polymer solution as a powder.

Method III for the production of composite membrane films according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it is comprised of a combination of “Methode I” and “Methode II” and contains the following steps:

• III.1:
• production of a composite membrane by “Methode I”;
• III.2:
• post-treatment by “Methode II” starting from step II.5