Driving mechanism, imaging mechanism and cellular phone

A driving mechanism comprising:

• an electromechanical conversion element comprising:
• an elongating and contracting portion that elongates and contracts;
• and
• a dummy layer that does not contribute to elongation and contraction of the electromechanical conversion element, in which one end of the dummy layer is attached to one end, in elongating and contracting direction, of the elongating and contracting portion;
• a driving friction member directly or indirectly attached to the other end of the elongating and contracting portion of the electro-mechanical conversion element;
• and
• a driven member frictionally engaged with the driving friction member,
• wherein the relationship of M1≦M≦(M1+μM2) is satisfied when weight of the dummy layer is designated as M;
• weight of the driving friction member is designated as M1;
• bonding force of the driven member with the driving friction member is designated as M2;
• friction coefficient between the driven member and the driving friction member is designated as μ.

A driving mechanism comprising:

• an electromechanical conversion element comprising:
• an elongating and contracting portion that elongates and contracts;
• and
• a dummy layer that does not contribute to elongation and contraction of the electro-mechanical conversion element, in which one end of the dummy layer is attached to one end, in elongating and contracting direction, of the elongating and contracting portion;
• a driving friction member directly or indirectly attached to the other end of the elongating and contracting portion of the electromechanical conversion element;
• and
• a driven member frictionally engaged with the driving friction member,
• wherein the relationship of L/8≦L1≦L/2 is satisfied when length of the dummy layer in the elongating and contracting direction is designated as L1;
• length of the electro-mechanical conversion element in the elongating and contracting direction is designated as L.