Process for performing an isolated Pd(II)-mediated oxidation reaction

A process for selectively immobilizing a biological molecule having a free amine moiety onto a selected region of a porous matrix, comprising:

• (a) providing an electrode array device having a plurality of metallic or conductive electrodes each with a conductive surface;
• (b) providing a solution bathing the electrode array device, wherein the solution comprises a Pd(II) metal species and a confining agent;
• (c) biasing one or a plurality of selected electrodes on the electrode array device with a voltage or current to perform a Wacker reaction regenerating the Pd(II) metal species consumed during the Wacker reaction and generating a free ketone or a free aldehyde moiety or a mixture of both, whereby the confining agent limits diffusion of the transition metal species to a volume surrounding each selected electrode surface;
• and
• (d) providing a biological material having a free amino moiety to the electrode array device to selectively immobilize to the porous matrix located adjacent to the selected electrode(s).

A process for conducting a parallel Wacker reaction on a plurality of electrodes, comprising:

• (a) providing an electrode array device having a matrix or coating material over metallic or conductive electrodes surfaces and a plurality of electrodes;
• (b) providing a solution bathing the electrode array device, wherein the solution comprises a transition metal species, solvent, and a confining agent;
• and
• (c) biasing one or a plurality of electrodes on the electrode array device with a voltage or current to regenerate the transition metal species consumed during the Wacker reaction, whereby the confining agent limits diffusion of the transition metal species to a volume surrounding each selected electrode surface.