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AssigneeThe University of Chicago
InventorsMichael Thackeray, Christopher Johnson, Khalil Amine, Sun-Ho Kang
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An uncycled preconditioned electrode for a non-aqueous lithium electrochemical cell including a lithium metal oxide having the formula Li(2+2x)/(2+x)M′2x/(2+x)M(2−2x)/(2+x)O2−δ, in which 0≦x<1 and δ is less than 0.2, and in which M is a non-lithium metal ion with an average trivalent oxidation state selected from two or more of the first row transition metals or lighter metal elements in the periodic table, and M′ is one or more ions with an average tetravalent oxidation state selected from the first and second row transition metal elements and Sn, and an uncycled electrode of the formula xLi2M′O3.(1−x)LiMO2, in which 0≦x<1, and in which M is a non-lithium metal ion with an average trivalent oxidation state selected from two or more first-row transition metals or lighter metal elements in the periodic table, and M′ is one or more ions with an average tetravalent oxidation state selected from the first- and second-row transition metal elements and Sn, the electrode being preconditioned in a proton-containing medium with a pH<7.0. Methods of preconditioning the electrodes are disclosed as are electrochemical cells and batteries containing the electrodes.
An electrode for a non-aqueous lithium cell, comprising a lithium metal oxide having the formula xLi2M′O3.(1−x)LiMO2, in which 0≦x<1, and in which M is a non-lithium metal ion with an average trivalent oxidation state selected from two or more first-row transition metals or lighter metal elements in the periodic table, and M′ is one or more ions with an average tetravalent oxidation state selected from the first- and second-row transition metal elements and Sn, the electrodes being preconditioned in a proton-containing medium with a pH<7.0 including one or more of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid or hydrofluoric acid.
A non-aqueous lithium electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, an electrolyte and an uncycled positive electrode comprising a lithium metal oxide having the formula xLi2M′O3.(1−x)LiMO2, in which 0≦x<1, and in which M is a non-lithium metal ion with an average trivalent oxidation state selected from two or more first-row transition metals or lighter metal elements in the periodic table, and M′ is one or more ions with an average tetravalent oxidation state selected from the first- and second-row transition metal elements and Sn, said positive electrode being preconditioned in a proton-containing medium with a pH<7.0 containing an inorganic acid.
A non-aqueous lithium battery comprising a plurality of electrically connected electrochemical cells, each cell having a negative electrode, an electrolyte and an uncycled positive electrode comprising a lithium metal oxide having the formula xLi2M′O3.(1−x)LiMO2, in which 0≦x<1, and in which M is a non-lithium metal ion with an average trivalent oxidation state selected from two or more first-row transition metals or lighter metal elements in the periodic table, and M′ is one or more ions with an average tetravalent oxidation state selected from the first- and second-row transition metal elements and Sn, said positive electrode being preconditioned in a proton-containing medium with a pH<7.0 containing an inorganic acid.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.