Upper substrate, liquid crystal display apparatus having the same and method of fabricating the same

A display panel comprising:

• a first substrate;
• a transparent electrode disposed on the first substrate;
• a second substrate facing the first substrate;
• a cell gap maintaining member disposed between the first and second substrates to separate the second substrate and the first substrate, the cell cap maintaining member comprising:
• a first cell gap maintaining member disposed on a first area of the transparent electrode corresponding to a display part of the second substrate;
• and
• a second cell gap maintaining member disposed on a second area of the transparent electrode corresponding to a driving part adjacent to the display part of the second substrate, for protecting the driving part, the first cell gap maintaining member being taller than the second cell gap maintaining member;
• and
• a buffer layer disposed at least between the second cell gap maintaining member and the driving part.