Structure for anatomical support in the back, headrest and seat components of seating in general, especially in motor vehicles, characterized in that the structure comprises a frame, a convex cushioned plate fitted with means that slide in relation to the frame, and with push-pull cables, the first end of which is fixed to one or other end of the cushioned plate, freely sliding inside a sheath whose first end is fixed to the frame or to one or other of the ends of the cushioned plate, while the second end of said push-pull cable and of said sheath is fixed to control devices mounted on the fixed structures of said components of the seating, which devices determine, by moving the push-pull cable in one direction or the other, adjustment of the position of the cushioned plate if the first end of the sheath is fixed to the frame, or adjustment of convexity of the cushioned plate if the first end of the sheath is fixed to said plate.