Conductive polymer composite structure

Layered structures comprising conductive polymer-containing layers and solid electrolyte layers, wherein said conductive polymer-containing layers are provided with conductive polymer composite structures which include conductive substrates and conductive polymers, said conductive substrates have deformation property, and conductivity of said conductive substrates is not less than 1.0×103 S/cm.

Actuator elements which are driven for expansion and contraction or bending by electrochemomechanical deformation of conductive polymers, wherein an outer diameter or width of said actuator elements is less than 1 mm.

Bundles of conductive polymer composite structures provided with not less than two bundles of conductive polymer composite structures comprising conductive substrates and conductive polymers, wherein said conductive substrates have deformation property and conductivity of said conductive substrates is not less than 1.0×103 S/cm.

A process for producing conductive polymers by electrochemical polymerization with conductive substrates as working electrodes, wherein said conductive substrates have deformation property and conductivity of said conductive substrates is not less than 1.0×103 S/cm.

Process for producing conductive polymer composite structures comprising conductive polymers and conductive substrates are complexed comprising the steps of immersing electrode holders in an electrolyte which can be immersed in an electrolyte bath, followed by electrochemical polymerization by turning on electricity interposing an electrolyte between counter electrodes and working electrodes, wherein said working electrode holders are provided with working electrode, working electrode terminal portions and electrode holder portions, said working electrodes are attached to said working electrode terminal portions, and said working electrodes include at least coiled conductive substrates.