Methods and apparatus for renal neuromodulation

A method for renal neuromodulation, the method comprising:

• percutaneously positioning an electrode proximate to a renal nerve of a patient;
• and
• delivering a pulsed electric field via the electrode to modulate the renal nerve.

Apparatus for renal neuromodulation, the apparatus comprising:

• a pulsed electric field generator;
• and
• a device configured for percutaneous placement under Computed Tomography-guidance at an extravascular location within a patient proximate to a sympathetic neural path associated with renal function, wherein the device comprises an electrode electrically coupled to the pulsed electric field generator for delivering a pulsed electric field to the sympathetic neural path while the device is at the extravascular location.

A method for renal neuromodulation, comprising:

• percutaneously advancing an electrode under Computed Tomography-guidance until the electrode is extravascularly located proximate to a sympathetic neural path associated with renal function;
• and
• delivering a pulsed electric field via the electrode to modulate neural activity along the sympathetic path.