Substituted fullerene compositions and their use as antioxidants

A composition, comprising:

• a carrier and a substituted fullerene, wherein the substituted fullerene comprises a fullerene core (Cn), wherein n is an even integer greater than or equal to 60, and
• (i) t —X3 groups bonded to the fullerene core, wherein:
• (i-a) t is an integer from 1 to 12, inclusive;
• and
• (i-b) each —X3 is independently selected from
• wherein each R10 is independently >O, >C(R2)(R3), >CHN+(R2)(R3)(R4), or >CHN+(R2)(R3)(R8), wherein R2, R3, and R4 are independently —H or —(CH2)d—CH3, wherein d is an integer from 0 to about 20, and each R8 is independently —(CH2)f—SO3−, —(CH2)f—PO4−, or —(CH2)f—COO−, wherein f is an integer from 1 to about 20;
• and
• (ii) u>O groups bonded to the fullerene core, wherein u is an integer from 0 to 12, inclusive.

A method of ameliorating an oxidative stress disease, comprising:

• administering to a mammal an effective amount of a composition comprising a substituted fullerene, wherein the substituted fullerene comprises a fullerene core (Cn), wherein n is an even integer greater than or equal to 60, and
• (i) t —X3 groups bonded to the fullerene core, wherein:
• (i-a) t is an integer from 1 to 12, inclusive;
• and
• (i-b) each —X3 is independently selected from
• wherein each R10 is independently >O, >C(R2)(R3), >CHN+(R2)(R3)(R4), or >CHN+(R2)(R3)(R8), wherein R2, R3, and R4 are independently —H or —(CH2)d—CH3, wherein d is an integer from 0 to about 20, and each R8 is independently —(CH2)f—SO3−, —(CH2)f—PO4−, or —(CH2)f—COO−, wherein f is an integer from 1 to about 20;
• and
• (ii) u>O groups bonded to the fullerene core, wherein u is an integer from 0 to 12, inclusive.

A method of ameliorating damage to tissues for transplantation, ameliorating spoilage of food, inhibiting microbes, or reducing free radical levels in tobacco, comprising:

• contacting the tissues for transplantation, the food, the microbes, or the tobacco with an effective amount of a composition comprising a substituted fullerene and a carrier, wherein the substituted fullerene comprises a fullerene core (Cn), wherein n is an even integer greater than or equal to 60, and
• (i) t —X3 groups bonded to the fullerene core, wherein:
• (i-a) t is an integer from 1 to 12, inclusive;
• and
• (i-b) each —X3 is independently selected from
• wherein each R10 is independently >O, >C(R2)(R3), >CHN+(R2)(R3)(R4), or >CHN+(R2)(R3)(R8), wherein R2, R3, and R4 are independently —H or —(CH2)d—CH3, wherein d is an integer from 0 to about 20, and each R8 is independently —(CH2)f—SO3−, —(CH2)f—PO4−, or —(CH2)f—COO−, wherein f is an integer from 1 to about 20;
• and
• (ii) u>O groups bonded to the fullerene core, wherein u is an integer from 0 to 12, inclusive.