Systems, processes and integrated circuits for rate and/or diversity adaptation for packet communications

A process of sending packets of real-time information comprising the steps of:

• initially generating at the sender the packets of real-time information with a source rate and also generating at a diversity rate diversity packets;
• sending the packets and diversity packets, thereby resulting in a quality of service QoS;
• obtaining a measure of the QoS;
• comparing the QoS with a threshold of acceptability;
• and
• when the QoS reaches or exceeds the acceptable side of said threshold, then decreasing the diversity rate.

A process of sending packets of real-time information comprising the steps of:

• initially generating at the sender the packets of real-time information with a source rate and also generating at a diversity rate diversity packets;
• sending the packets and diversity packets at an overall transmission rate, thereby resulting in a quality of service QoS;
• obtaining a measure of the QoS;
• comparing the QoS with a threshold of acceptability;
• and
• when the QoS reaches or exceeds the acceptable side of said threshold then increasing the overall transmission rate while substantially maintaining the diversity.

A process of sending packets of real-time information comprising the steps of:

• initially generating at the sender the packets of real-time information with a source rate and also generating at a diversity rate diversity packets;
• sending the packets and diversity packets with a current overall transmission rate;
• obtaining a ratio of estimated steady state overall transmission rate to current overall transmission rate;
• comparing the ratio with a threshold of acceptability;
• and
• when the ratio is on an acceptable side of said threshold then increasing the overall transmission rate.

A single-chip integrated circuit comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry holding instructions defining sending of packets of real-time information from the integrated circuit by initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate and also generating at a diversity rate diversity packets;

• sending the packets and diversity packets, thereby resulting in a quality of service QoS;
• obtaining at the sender a measure of the QoS;
• comparing the QoS with a threshold of acceptability;
• and when the QoS reaches or exceeds the acceptable side of said threshold then decreasing the diversity rate.

A media over packet networking appliance comprising:

• a network interface;
• a voice transducer;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the voice transducer to the network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmissions and including a rate-and-diversity control of media packets and diversity packets.

A computer comprising

• A network interface;
• an audio reception transducer;
• an audio emission transducer;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the audio reception transducer and audio emission transducer to the network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing audio over packet transmission and reception and including a rate-and-diversity control of audio packets and diversity packets.

A gateway comprising

• a packet network interface;
• an non-packet network interface for real-time media on said non-packet network;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the non-packet network interface to the packet network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmission and reception and including a rate-and-diversity control of media packets and diversity packets.

A router comprising

• a first packet network port;
• a second packet network port for real-time media on said second packet network interface;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the first packet network port to said second packet network port, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmission and reception and including a rate-and-diversity control of media packets and diversity packets.

A private branch exchange comprising

• telephone interface circuitry having plural connectors ready for connection to plural telephone units;
• a digital network interface ready for connection to PSTN (public switched telephone network);
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the telephone interface circuitry to the digital network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmission and reception and including a rate-and-diversity control of voice packets.

A wireless base station comprising

• cellular telephone wireless transmit/receive interface circuitry for communication with any cell telephone handsets in the vicinity of the wireless base station;
• a packet network interface;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the cellular telephone wireless transmit/receive interface circuitry to the packet network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmission and reception and including a rate-and-diversity control of voice packets.

A process of sending packets of real-time information comprising the steps of:

• initially generating at a sender the packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• sending the packets to a destination;
• obtaining plural report data on the sending to said destination;
• forming a value of a criterion based on the plural report data, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate.

A process of sending packets of real-time information comprising the steps of:

• initially generating at a sender the packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• sending the packets to a destination;
• obtaining a report on the sending to said destination;
• forming a value of a criterion based on the report, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate.

A process of reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the process comprising the steps of:

• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of said LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received.

A process of reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of two consecutive packet losses, and the process comprising the steps of:

• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] [Second Lost Packet] P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of said LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction, to reconstruct a packet (n+2) in a sequence
• P(n) [−] [P(n+2)′|−] (excitation) P(n+3).

A process of reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of included fixed codebook pulses, LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of two consecutive packet losses, and the process comprising the steps of:

• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] [Second Lost Packet] P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage the included fixed codebook pulses and one or more of said LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing a reconstruction, to reconstruct a packet (n+2) in a sequence
• P(n) [−] reconstructed P(n+2) P(n+3).

A process of reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of two consecutive packet losses, and the process comprising the steps of:

• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] [Second Lost Packet] P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of said LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing a reconstruction by a frame erasure concealment process utilizing said packet sequence thus received to reconstruct a packet (n+1) in a sequence
• P(n) reconstructed packet (n+1) reconstructed packet (n+2) P(n+3).

A process of sending packets of real-time information comprising the steps of:

• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based information by CELP encoding, the CELP based information including Important Information and fixed excitation information from the CELP encoding;
• packetizing the Important Information with a subset of fixed excitation in a first packet;
• and
• packetizing the Important Information with a complementary subset of fixed excitation in a second packet, whereby CELP-based diversity is achieved.

A process of reconstruction of a packet stream having CELP based information including Important Information and fixed excitation information from the CELP encoding, wherein the Important Information and a subset of fixed excitation occupy a first packet, and the Important Information and a complementary subset of fixed excitation occupy a second packet, and the process comprising the steps of:

• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information one or more of said Important Information and subset of fixed excitation and complementary subset of the fixed excitation;
• and
• performing a reconstruction of the Lost Packet utilizing said information thus obtained.

A process of reconstruction of a packet stream having CELP based information including Important Information and fixed excitation information from the CELP encoding, wherein the Important Information and a subset of fixed excitation occupy a first packet, and the Important Information and a complementary subset of fixed excitation occupy a second to packet, the packet stream having an instance of two consecutive packet losses, and the process comprising the steps of:

• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] [Second Lost Packet] P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information one or more of said Important Information and subset of fixed excitation and complementary subset of the fixed excitation;
• and
• performing a frame erasure concealment process utilizing said information thus obtained to reconstruct a packet (n+1) in a sequence P(n) reconstructed packet (n+1) reconstructed packet (n+2) P(n+3).

A process of sending packets of real-time information comprising the steps of:

• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based information by CELP encoding utilizing a fixed codebook search, and minimizing [error(full rate)+w1 error(Description 1)+w2 error(Description 2)], wherein the letters “w1” and “w2” symbolize weight coefficients, and Description 1 and Description 2 symbolize two descriptions, the CELP based information including Important Information and fixed excitation information from the CELP encoding;
• packetizing the Important Information with a subset of fixed excitation in a first packet;
• and
• packetizing the Important Information with a complementary subset of fixed excitation in a second packet, whereby CELP-based diversity is achieved.

A single-chip integrated circuit comprising:

• a processor circuit;
• and
• a memory on said single-chip integrated circuit holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on plural report data representative of quality of transmission to a destination, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate.

A single-chip integrated circuit comprising:

• a processor circuit;
• and
• a memory on said single-chip integrated circuit holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on report data representative of sending the packets to a destination, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate.

A single-chip integrated circuit comprising:

• a processor circuit;
• and
• a memory on said single-chip integrated circuit holding bits defining a process of:
• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based real-time information by CELP encoding;
• concurrently producing Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby achieving diversity;
• packetizing the CELP-based real-time information and the Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby generating packets and diversity packets.

A single-chip integrated circuit comprising:

• a processor circuit;
• and
• a memory on said single-chip integrated circuit holding bits defining reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of the LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received.

A wireless telephone comprising an antenna, a voice transducer, and at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the voice transducer to the antenna, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmissions and including bits defining:

• initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on plural report data representative of quality of transmission to a destination, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate.

A wireless telephone comprising an antenna, a voice transducer, and at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the voice transducer to the antenna, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmissions and including bits defining:

• initially generating packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on report data representative of sending the packets to a destination, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate.

A wireless telephone comprising an antenna, a voice transducer, and at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the voice transducer to the antenna, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmissions and including bits defining:

• reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of the LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received.

An information storage article of manufacture comprising:

• a storage medium holding physical variations representing bits of information;
• and
• said bits of information defining:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on plural report data representative of quality of transmission to a destination, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate.

An information storage article of manufacture comprising:

• a storage medium holding physical variations representing bits of information;
• and
• said bits of information defining a process of:
• initially generating at a sender packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on report data representative of sending the packets to a destination, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate.

An information storage article of manufacture comprising:

• a storage medium holding physical variations representing bits of information;
• and
• said bits of information defining a process of:
• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based real-time information by CELP encoding;
• concurrently producing Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby achieving diversity;
• packetizing the CELP-based real-time information and the Important Information from the CELP encoding, therebv generating packets and diversity packets.

An information storage article of manufacture comprising:

• a storage medium holding physical variations representing bits of information;
• and
• said bits of information defining reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of the LPC parameters. LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received.

An information storage article of manufacture comprising:

• a storage medium holding physical variations representing bits of information;
• and
• said bits of information defining reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of two consecutive packet losses, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] [Second Lost Packet] P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of said LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction to reconstruct a packet (n+2) in a sequence
• P(n) [−] [P(n+2)′|−] (excitation) P(n+3).

An information storage article of manufacture comprising:

• a storage medium holding physical variations representing bits of information;
• and
• said bits of information defining reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of included fixed codebook pulses, LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of two consecutive packet losses, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] [Second Lost Packet] P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage the included fixed codebook pulses and one or more of said LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing a reconstruction to reconstruct a packet (n+2) in a sequence
• P(n) [−] reconstructed P(n+2) P(n+3).

An information storage article of manufacture comprising:

• a storage medium holding physical variations representing bits of information;
• and
• said bits of information defining reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of two consecutive packet losses, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] [Second Lost Packet] P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of said LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing a frame erasure concealment process utilizing said information thus obtained to reconstruct a packet (n+1) in a sequence P(n) reconstructed packet (n+1) reconstructed packet (n+2) P(n+3).

An information storage article of manufacture comprising:

• a storage medium holding physical variations representing bits of information;
• and
• said bits of information defining
• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based information by CELP encoding, the CELP based information including Important Information and fixed excitation information from the CELP encoding;
• packetizing the Important Information with a subset of fixed excitation in a first packet;
• and
• packetizing the Important Information with a complementary subset of fixed excitation in a second packet, whereby CELP-based diversity is achieved.

An information storage article of manufacture comprising:

• a storage medium holding physical variations representing bits of information;
• and
• said bits of information defining reconstruction of a packet stream having CELP based information including Important Information and fixed excitation information from the CELP encoding, wherein the Important Information and a subset of fixed excitation occupy a first packet, and the Important Information and a complementary subset of fixed excitation occupy a second packet, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information one or more of said Important Information and subset of fixed excitation and complementary subset of the fixed excitation;
• and
• performing a reconstruction of the Lost Packet utilizing said information thus obtained.

An information storage article of manufacture comprising:

• a storage medium holding physical variations representing bits of information;
• and
• said bits of information defining reconstruction of a packet stream having CELP based information including Important Information and fixed excitation information from the CELP encoding, wherein the Important Information and a subset of fixed excitation occupy a first packet, and the Important Information and a complementary subset of fixed excitation occupy a second packet, the packet stream having an instance of two consecutive packet losses, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] [Second Lost Packet] P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information one or more of said Important Information and subset of fixed excitation and complementary subset of the fixed excitation.
• performing a frame erasure concealment process utilizing said information thus obtained to reconstruct a packet (n+1) in a sequence P(n) reconstructed packet (n+1) reconstructed packet (n+2) P(n+3).

An information storage article of manufacture comprising:

• a storage medium holding physical variations representing bits of information;
• and
• said bits of information defining:
• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based information by CELP encoding utilizing a fixed codebook search, and minimizing [error(full rate)+w1 error(Description 1)+w2 error(Description 2)], wherein the letters “w1” and “w2” symbolize weight coefficients, and Description 1 and Description 2 symbolize two descriptions, the CELP based information including Important Information and fixed excitation information from the CELP encoding;
• packetizing the Important Information with a subset of fixed excitation in a first packet;
• and
• packetizing the Important Information with a complementary subset of fixed excitation in a second packet, whereby CELP-based diversity is achieved.

A media over packet networking appliance comprising:

• a network interface;
• a voice transducer;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the voice transducer to the network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmissions and holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on plural report data representative of quality of transmission to a destination, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate.

A media over packet networking appliance comprising:

• a network interface;
• a voice transducer;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the voice transducer to the network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmissions and holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on report data representative of sending the packets to a destination, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate.

A media over packet networking appliance comprising:

• a network interface;
• a voice transducer;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the voice transducer to the network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmissions and holding bits defining a process of:
• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based real-time information by CELP encoding;
• concurrently producing Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby achieving diversity;
• packetizing the CELP-based real-time information and the Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby generating packets and diversity packets.

A media over packet networking appliance comprising:

• a network interface;
• a voice transducer;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the voice transducer to the network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmissions and holding bits defining reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of the LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received.

A computer comprising

• a network interface;
• an audio reception transducer;
• an audio emission transducer;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the audio reception transducer and audio emission transducer to the network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing audio over packet transmission and reception and including bits defining a process of:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on plural report data representative of quality of transmission to a destination, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate.

A computer comprising

• A network interface;
• an audio reception transducer;
• an audio emission transducer;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the audio reception transducer and audio emission transducer to the network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing audio over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating at a sender packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on report data representative of sending the packets to a destination, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate.

A computer comprising

• A network interface;
• an audio reception transducer;
• an audio emission transducer;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the audio reception transducer and audio emission transducer to the network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing audio over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based real-time information by CELP encoding;
• concurrently producing Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby achieving diversity;
• packetizing the CELP-based real-time information and the Important information from the CELP encoding, thereby generating packets and diversity packets.

A computer comprising

• A network interface;
• an audio reception transducer;
• an audio emission transducer;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the audio reception transducer and audio emission transducer to the network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing audio over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of the LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received.

A gateway comprising

• a packet network interface;
• an non-packet network interface for real-time media on said non-packet network;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the non-packet network interface to the packet network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on plural report data representative of quality of transmission to a destination, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate.

A gateway comprising

• a packet network interface;
• an non-packet network interface for real-time media on said non-packet network;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the non-packet network interface to the packet network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmission and holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on report data representative of sending the packets to a destination, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate.

A gateway comprising

• a packet network interface;
• an non-packet network interface for real-time media on said non-packet network;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the non-packet network interface to the packet network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based real-time information by CELP encoding;
• concurrently producing Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby achieving diversity;
• packetizing the CELP-based real-time information and the Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby generating packets and diversity packets.

A gateway comprising

• a packet network interface;
• an non-packet network interface for real-time media on said non-packet network;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the non-packet network interface to the packet network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of the LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received.

A router comprising

• a first packet network port;
• a second packet network port for real-time media on said second packet network interface;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the first packet network port to said second packet network port, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on plural report data representative of quality of transmission to a destination, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate.

A router comprising

• a first packet network port;
• a second packet network port for real-time media on said second packet network interface;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the first packet network port to said second packet network port, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating at a sender packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on report data representative of sending the packets to a destination, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate.

A router comprising

• a first packet network port;
• a second packet network port for real-time media on said second packet network interface;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the first packet network port to said second packet network port, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based real-time information by CELP encoding;
• concurrently producing Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby achieving diversity;
• packetizing the CELP-based real-time information and the Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby generating packets and diversity packets.

A router comprising

• a first packet network port;
• a second packet network port for real-time media on said second packet network interface;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the first packet network port to said second packet network port, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing media over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of the LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received.

A private branch exchange comprising

• telephone interface circuitry having plural connectors ready for connection to plural telephone units;
• a digital network interface ready for connection to PSTN (public switched telephone network);
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the telephone interface circuitry to the digital network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on plural report data representative of quality of transmission to a destination, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate.

A private branch exchange comprising

• telephone interface circuitry having plural connectors ready for connection to plural telephone units;
• a digital network interface ready for connection to PSTN (public switched telephone network);
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the telephone interface circuitry to the digital network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating at a sender packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on report data representative of sending the packets to a destination, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate.

A private branch exchange comprising

• telephone interface circuitry having plural connectors ready for connection to plural telephone units;
• a digital network interface ready for connection to PSTN (public switched telephone network);
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the telephone interface circuitry to the digital network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based real-time information by CELP encoding;
• concurrently producing Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby achieving diversity;
• packetizing the CELP-based real-time information and the Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby generating packets and diversity packets.

A private branch exchange comprising

• telephone interface circuitry having plural connectors ready for connection to plural telephone units;
• a digital network interface ready for connection to PSTN (public switched telephone network);
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the telephone interface circuitry to the digital network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of the LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received.

A wireless base station comprising

• cellular telephone wireless transmit/receive interface circuitry for communication with any cell telephone handsets in the vicinity of the wireless base station;
• a packet network interface;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the cellular telephone wireless transmit/receive interface circuitry to the packet network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on plural report data representative of quality of transmission to a destination, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate.

A wireless base station comprising

• cellular telephone wireless transmit/receive interface circuitry for communication with any cell telephone handsets in the vicinity of the wireless base station;
• a packet network interface;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the cellular telephone wireless transmit/receive interface circuitry to the packet network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• initially generating at a sender packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on report data representative of sending the packets to a destination, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate.

A wireless base station comprising

• cellular telephone wireless transmit/receive interface circuitry for communication with any cell telephone handsets in the vicinity of the wireless base station;
• a packet network interface;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the cellular telephone wireless transmit/receive interface circuitry to the packet network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining a process of:
• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based real-time information by CELP encoding;
• concurrently producing Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby achieving diversity;
• packetizing the CELP-based real-time information and the Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby generating packets and diversity packets.

A wireless base station comprising

• cellular telephone wireless transmit/receive interface circuitry for communication with any cell telephone handsets in the vicinity of the wireless base station;
• a packet network interface;
• and
• at least one integrated circuit assembly coupling the cellular telephone wireless transmit/receive interface circuitry to the packet network interface, said at least one integrated circuit assembly providing voice over packet transmission and reception and holding bits defining reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of the LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received.

A computer add-in card comprising:

• a processor circuit and a memory;
• a printed wiring board bearing said processor circuit and the memory, the memory holding bits defining:
• initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on plural report data representative of quality of transmission to a destination, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate;
• said printed wiring board having an output connector for passage of packets and diversity packets therethrough from said processor, and said printed wiring board further having an insertion connector, whereby the printed wiring board is insertable via the insertion connector.

A computer add-in card comprising:

• a processor circuit and a memory;
• a printed wiring board bearing said processor circuit and the memory, the memory holding bits defining:
• initially generating at a sender packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on report data representative of sending the packets to a destination, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate;
• said printed wiring board having an output connector for passage of packets and diversity packets therethrough from said processor, and said printed wiring board further having an insertion connector, whereby the printed wiring board is insertable via the insertion connector.

A computer add-in card comprising:

• a processor circuit and a memory;
• a printed wiring board bearing said processor circuit and the memory, the memory holding bits defining:
• generating code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based real-time information by CELP encoding;
• concurrently producing Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby achieving diversity;
• and
• packetizing the CELP-based real-time information and the Important Information from the CELP encoding, thereby generating packets and diversity packets;
• said printed wiring board having an output connector for passage of packets and diversity packets therethrough from said processor, and said printed wiring board further having an insertion connector, whereby the printed wiring board is insertable via the insertion connector.

A computer add-in card comprising:

• a processor circuit and a memory;
• a printed wiring board bearing said processor circuit and the memory, the memory holding bits defining:
• reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the reconstruction comprising:
• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of the LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received;
• said printed wiring board having an output connector for passage of packets and diversity packets therethrough from said processor, and said printed wiring board further having an insertion connector, whereby the printed wiring board is insertable via the insertion connector.

A packet network comprising first computer and a second computer both adapted for media over packet, and a network of routers and transmission media coupling said first computer and said second computer, said packet network supporting operations therein of:

• initially generating packets of real-time information with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a diversity rate, the diversity rate initially being at least zero kilobits per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on plural report data representative of quality of transmission to a destination, for transition to a different source rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different source rate.

A packet network comprising first computer and a second computer both adapted for media over packet, and a network of routers and transmission media coupling said first computer and said second computer, said packet network supporting operations therein of:

• initially generating at a sender packets of real-time information with a packets-per-second rate greater than zero packets per second;
• forming a value of a criterion based on report data representative of sending the packets to a destination, for transition to a different packets-per-second rate;
• and
• when the criterion is met, transitioning to the different packets-per-second rate.

A packet network comprising first computer and a second computer both adapted for media over packet, and a network of routers and transmission media coupling said first computer and said second computer, said packet network supporting operations therein of reconstruction of a packet stream having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the secondary stage having one or more of LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains, the packet stream having an instance of single packet loss, and the reconstruction comprising:

• receiving a packet sequence represented by
• P(n)P(n−1)′ [Lost Packet] P(n+2)P(n+1)′ P(n+3)P(n+2)′;
• obtaining as information from the secondary stage one or more of the LPC parameters, LTP lags, parity check, and adaptive and fixed codebook gains;
• and
• performing an excitation reconstruction utilizing said packet sequence thus received.