An optical fiber connection structure which is formed by opposing two optical fiber connection components comprising each a connection member having one or a plurality of through-holes for optical fiber provided with guides for rodlike coupling member at or near both side edges, rodlike coupling members, and a turned square U-shaped plug having a through-hole(s) or a groove(s) for inserting an optical fiber(s) and guide holes for rodlike coupling members on the bottom of the concavity of square U-shape, wherein said connection member is arranged slidably in said plug by being installed in the concavity of square U-shape of said plug by means of the rodlike coupling members inserted in said plug, in such a state that the optical fibers are inserted respectively in said through-holes for the optical fibers, bringing the through-holes of both connection members face to face with each other, and sliding said connection members in a direction of the center axis of the optical fibers along the rodlike coupling members guided by the guides, so that the optical fibers are connected in the through-hole of one connection member.