A membrane separation process for the enrichment of at least one gas component in a gas flow using a membrane separation device which is part of a membrane separation unit and includes at least one membrane, the gas flow being separated into a retentate, which is discharged on a retentate side of the membrane, and a permeate, which is discharged on a permeate side of the membrane, comprising the steps of delivering the gas flow to the membrane separation unit at ambient pressure, the retentate being discharged from the membrane separation unit at an outlet pressure of that has been lowered below ambient pressure and the pressure on the permeate side having been lowered relative to the outlet pressure of the retentate.