A high-order harmonic X-ray generation method, the method generating a coherent high-order harmonic X-ray by focusing a high power femtosecond laser pulse generated by a high power femtosecond laser into a gas-filled hollow tube target, comprising the steps of:
- reducing intensity of long-wavelength harmonics with orders less than a predetermined order by controlling the pressure of the target gas and using an X-ray filter with low transmissivity in a long wavelength region;
- reducing intensity of short wavelength harmonics with orders greater than the predetermined order by adjusting focused intensity of the high power femtosecond laser beam;
- and
- allowing harmonics near the predetermined order to be phase-matched by adjusting the beam size of the high power femtosecond laser beam.