Nucleic acid molecules, isolated from their natural environment, of genes coding for proteins involved in controlling resistance or susceptibility to the development of tumours in chickens, such as those of Marek's disease, and of regions related to the said genes, characterised in that they have nucleic acid sequences of genes of the B or Rfp-Y system corresponding to the major histocompatibility complex of farmed birds, with the exception of the sequences of class II B-L genes, gene 17.5, gene 12.3 and of the class I B-FIV gene, or are capable of pairing with one of the strands of a gene capable of coding for a protein as defined above under conditions of low stringency.