# US 2004/0170136 A1 · Hard handoff target generation in a multi-frequency CDMA mobile network > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2004/0170136 A1 - Document ID: US20040170136A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 10/375,989 - Filed: 2003-02-28 - Published: 2004-09-02 - Earliest claimed: 2003-02-28 - Assignees: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) - Inventors: Hsien Woo; Felicia Tsui; Viswanath Nagarajan - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20040170136A1 ## CPC - H04W 36/0061: {of neighbour cell information} - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract A CDMA network dynamically generates hard handoff (HHO) target sets to support mobile station HHO. Dynamically identifying CDMA channels or cells as targets for HHO eliminates the need for statically configured HHO target sets. In an exemplary embodiment, a source BSS identifies a first set of channels corresponding to common neighbor cells of the cells associated with the active set pilots and/or reported PBU pilots. This first set may be adjusted by removing any common neighbor cells that include soft handoff target channels, and by adding selected vertical neighbor channels of the active set pilots and/or reported PBU pilots. Channels in the first set may be grouped by carrier frequency and evaluated based on CDMA channel type, BSS affiliation and characteristics, and the target's relationship to the active set to identify a preferred HHO target set. Such operations permit dynamic determination of whether to perform inter- or intra-BSS HHO. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of supporting hard handoff of a mobile station in a wireless communication network comprising: maintaining current active set information for the mobile station; and dynamically generating a hard handoff target set identifying one or more CDMA channels or cells as hard handoff targets based on the current active set information responsive to a hard handoff trigger for the mobile station. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising transferring target set information for the dynamically generated hard handoff target set from a source Base Station System (BSS) to a target BSS, if the hard handoff is an inter-BSS hard handoff. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising defining a target set size limit on a per CDMA channel basis, such that a size of the hard handoff target set generated for the mobile station is controlled as a function of the mobile station's current location. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, further comprising defining a relatively smaller target set size limit for CDMA channels in high-volume service areas, and defining relatively larger target set sizes for CDMA channels in low-volume service areas. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, further comprising setting the target set size limit for a particular CDMA channel based on balancing hard handoff reliability, which increases with larger target set sizes, and capacity utilization efficiency, which decreases with larger target set sizes. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically generating the hard handoff target set comprises identifying a common neighbor set of cells using neighbor list information for cells corresponding to pilots in the active set; identifying a first set of CDMA channels based at least in part on the common neighbor set of cells; and evaluating CDMA channels in the first set based at least on channel type and Base Station System (BSS) affiliation to identify one or more CDMA channels as members of the hard handoff target set. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein identifying the common neighbor set includes excluding soft handoff candidate cells from the common neighbor set of cells so that the first set of CDMA channels do not belong to cells that could be used for soft handoff of the mobile station. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein identifying the first set of CDMA channels includes identifying CDMA channels associated with the common neighbor set, and selectively includes identifying vertical neighbor CDMA channels of the active set pilots, or of one or more of any reported Pilot Beacon Unit (PBU) pilots, or of both the active set pilots and one or more of any reported PBU pilots. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein evaluating CDMA channels in the first set comprises generating channel subsets by carrier frequency and evaluating channel type, and BSS affiliation per subset to identify a preferred subset as the target set subject to a defined set size limit. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein evaluating CDMA channels in the first set further comprises evaluating BSS characteristics per subset, including evaluating BSS compatibility. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising identifying a CDMA channel corresponding to a triggering pilot, and limiting a size of the target set based on a size limit value defined for that corresponding CDMA channel. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically generating the hard handoff target set comprises identifying a first set of CDMA channels using at least neighbor list information for all pilots in the mobile station's active set, and selecting one or more CDMA channels from the first set as selected targets for hard handoff of the mobile station. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein selecting the one or more CDMA channels from the first set as selected targets for hard handoff of the mobile station comprises grouping CDMA channels within the first set into one or more subsets based on CDMA carrier frequency; determining a relative selection preference for each subset; and selecting at least some of the CDMA channels in a most preferred subset as the selected targets. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically generating the hard handoff target set comprises identifying CDMA channels that are potential targets using neighbor list information for all pilots in the active set and vertical neighbor information for one or more pilots in the active set, if the hard handoff trigger is a Round-Trip-Delay (RTD) based trigger. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically generating the hard handoff target set comprises identifying CDMA channels that are potential targets using neighbor list information for all pilots in mobile station's active set and neighbor list information for any Pilot Beacon Unit (PBU) pilots reported by the mobile station, and vertical neighbor information for all pilots in the active set and for one or more of the reported PBU pilots, if the hard handoff trigger is a PBU based trigger. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically generating the hard handoff target set comprises: generating a common neighbor cell set based on neighbor list information for cells associated with all pilots identified in the active set; removing any cells from the common neighbor cell set that are soft handoff candidate cells; generating a first set of CDMA channels that are potential targets for hard handoff by identifying CDMA channels corresponding to the remaining cells in the common neighbor cell set; supplementing the first set of CDMA channels with selected vertical neighbor CDMA channels, if any; and evaluating the first set of CMDA channels based on carrier frequency to determine whether to perform an intra-Base Station System (BSS) or an inter-BSS hard handoff, and to identify particular ones of CDMA channels in the first set to be included in the hard handoff target set. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically generating the hard handoff target set comprises identifying a first set of cells based on neighbor list information for cells corresponding to pilots in the active set and corresponding to any Pilot Beacon Unit (PBU) pilots reported by the mobile station if the hard handoff trigger is a PBU based trigger. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, wherein identifying a first set of cells based on neighbor list information for cells corresponding to pilots in the active set and corresponding to any PBU pilots reported by the mobile station comprises identifying those CDMA channels associated with a set of cells formed as the intersection between triggering PBU neighbor list information and the unions of active set and PBU set neighbor list information. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, further comprising adding vertical neighbor channels, if any, of the pilots in the active set and, optionally, of one or more of the reported PBU pilots, to the first set of CDMA channels. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, further comprising identifying the triggering PBU pilot as the strongest of all reported PBU pilots. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: transferring hard handoff target set information to the mobile station, said hard handoff target set information identifying one or more CDMA channels at one or more frequencies in the hard handoff target set; and receiving signal strength measurements from the mobile station for at least one of the one or more CDMA channels identified in the hard handoff target set. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, further comprising eliminating one or more of the CDMA channels in the hard handoff target set based on the signal strength measurements returned by the mobile station. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, further comprising assigning relative preferences to one or more CDMA channels in the hard handoff target set based on the signal strength measurements returned by the mobile station. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, wherein receiving signal strength measurements from the mobile station for at least one of the one or more CDMA channels identified in the target set comprises receiving pilot strength reports for the at least one CDMA channel. ### Claim 25 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, further comprising, at the mobile station, temporarily switching from a current frequency setting to a new frequency setting to obtain signal strength measurements for the at least one CDMA channel. ### Claim 26 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamically generated HHO target set is a first, most preferred target set, and further comprising generating a second, less preferred HHO target set. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26, further comprising using the first and second target sets to perform an optimal resource allocation for an intra-Base Station System (BSS) HHO of the mobile station. ### Claim 28 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26, further comprising allocating radio link resources for an intra-Base Station System (BSS) HHO of the mobile station based on the second target set if sufficient radio link resources cannot be allocated from the first target set. ### Claim 29 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26, wherein the first and second target sets include CDMA channels of different frequencies. ### Claim 30 A base station controller (BSC) to support hard handoff of a mobile station in a wireless communication network comprising processing and control circuits configured to: maintain current active set information for a mobile station; and dynamically generate a hard handoff target set identifying one or more CDMA channels or cells as hard handoff targets based on the current active set information in response to a hard handoff trigger for the mobile station. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The BSC of claim 30, wherein the BSC further transfers target set information for the dynamically generated hard handoff target set to a target Base Station System (BSS) if a type of hard handoff determined from the dynamically generated target set is an inter-BSS hard handoff. ### Claim 32 (depends on 30) The BSC of claim 30, wherein the BSC applies a target set size limit on a per CDMA channel basis, such that a size of the hard handoff target set generated for the mobile station is controlled as a function of the mobile station's current location. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The BSC of claim 32, wherein the BSC defines a relatively smaller target set size limit for CDMA channels in high-volume service areas, and defines relatively larger target set size limits for CDMA channels in low-volume service areas. ### Claim 34 (depends on 32) The BSC of claim 32, wherein the BSC sets the target set size limit for a particular CDMA channel based on balancing hard handoff reliability, which increases with larger target set sizes, and capacity utilization efficiency, which decreases with larger target set sizes. ### Claim 35 (depends on 30) The BSC of claim 30, wherein the BSC dynamically generates the hard handoff target set at least in part by identifying a common neighbor set of cells using neighbor list information for cells corresponding to pilots in the active set; identifying a first set of CDMA channels based at least in part on the common neighbor set of cells; and evaluating CDMA channels in the first set based at least on channel type and Base Station System (BSS) affiliation to identify one or more CDMA channels as members of the hard handoff target set. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) The BSC of claim 35, wherein the BSC further evaluates CDMA channels in the first set that correspond to other BSSs based on BSS characteristics, including BSS compatibility, to identify one or more CDMA channels as members of the hard handoff target set. ### Claim 37 (depends on 35) The BSC of claim 35, wherein the BSC excludes soft handoff candidate cells from the common neighbor set of cells so that the first set of CDMA channels do not belong to cells that could be used for soft handoff of the mobile station. ### Claim 38 (depends on 35) The BSC of claim 35, wherein the BSC identifies the first set of CDMA channels by identifying CDMA channels associated with the common neighbor set of cells after the exclusion of any soft handoff candidate cells, and selectively further includes in the first set of CDMA channels vertical neighbor CDMA channels of the active set pilots, or of one or more of any reported Pilot Beacon Unit (PBU) pilots, or of both the active set pilots and one or more of the reported PBU pilots. ### Claim 39 (depends on 35) The BSC of claim 35, wherein the BSC evaluates CDMA channels in the first set by generating channel subsets by carrier frequency, and evaluating channel type and BSS affiliation per subset, to identify a preferred subset as the target set subject to a defined set size limit. ### Claim 40 (depends on 39) The BSC of claim 39, wherein the BSC identifies a CDMA channel corresponding to the triggering pilot, and limits the size of the dynamically generated hard handoff target set based on a size limit value defined for that corresponding CDMA channel. ### Claim 41 (depends on 30) The BSC of claim 30, wherein the BSC dynamically generates the hard handoff target set by identifying a first set of CDMA channels using at least neighbor list information for all pilots in the mobile station's active set, and selecting one or more CDMA channels from the first set as selected targets for hard handoff of the mobile station. ### Claim 42 (depends on 41) The BSC of claim 41, wherein the BSC selects the one or more CDMA channels from the first set as selected targets for hard handoff of the mobile station by grouping CDMA channels within the first set into one or more subsets based on CDMA carrier frequency; determining a relative selection preference for each subset; and selecting at least some of the CDMA channels in a most preferred subset as the selected targets. ### Claim 43 (depends on 30) The BSC of claim 30, wherein the BSC dynamically generates the hard handoff target set by identifying CDMA channels that are potential targets for hard handoff using neighbor list information for all pilots in the active set and vertical neighbor information for one or more of the pilots in the active set, if the hard handoff trigger is a Round-Trip-Delay (RTD) based trigger. ### Claim 44 (depends on 30) The BSC of claim 30, wherein the BSC dynamically generates the hard handoff target set by identifying CDMA channels that are potential targets using neighbor list information for all pilots in mobile station's the active set and neighbor list information for any Pilot Beacon Unit (PBU) pilots reported by the mobile station, and vertical neighbor information for all pilots in the active set and for one or more of the reported PBU pilots, if the hard handoff trigger is a PBU based trigger. ### Claim 45 (depends on 30) The BSC of claim 30, wherein the BSC dynamically generating the hard handoff target set by: generating a common neighbor cell set based on neighbor list information for cells associated with all pilots identified in the active set; removing any cells from the common neighbor cell set that are soft handoff candidate cells; generating a first set of CDMA channels that are potential targets for hard handoff by identifying CDMA channels corresponding to the remaining cells in the common neighbor cell set; supplementing the first set of CDMA channels with selected vertical neighbor CDMA channels, if any; and evaluating the first set of CMDA channels based on carrier frequency to determine whether to perform an intra-Base Station System (BSS) or an inter-BSS hard handoff, and to identify particular ones of CDMA channels in the first set to be included in the hard handoff target set. ### Claim 46 (depends on 30) The BSC of claim 30, wherein the BSC dynamically generates the hard handoff target set by identifying a first set of cells based on neighbor list information for cells corresponding to pilots in the active set and corresponding to any Pilot Beacon Unit (PBU) pilots reported by the mobile station if the hard handoff trigger is a PBU based trigger. ### Claim 47 (depends on 30) The BSC of claim 30 wherein the BSC transfers hard handoff target set information to the mobile station, and receives signal strength measurements from the mobile station for at least one of the one or more CDMA channels identified in the hard handoff target set. ### Claim 48 (depends on 47) The BSC of claim 47, wherein the BSC eliminates one or more of the CDMA channels in the hard handoff target set based on the signal strength measurements returned by the mobile station. ### Claim 49 (depends on 47) The BSC of claim 47, wherein the BSC assigns relative preferences to one or more CDMA channels in the hard handoff target set based on the signal strength measurements returned by the mobile station. ### Claim 50 (depends on 47) The BSC of claim 47, wherein the BSC receives a pilot strength report from the mobile station for the at least one CDMA channel. ### Claim 51 (depends on 30) The BSC of claim 30, wherein the dynamically generated HHO target set is a first, most preferred target set, and wherein the BSC further generates a second, less preferred HHO target set. ### Claim 52 (depends on 51) The BSC of claim 51, wherein the BSC uses the first and second target sets to perform an optimal resource allocation for an intra-Base Station System (BSS) HHO of the mobile station. ### Claim 53 (depends on 51) The BSC of claim 51, wherein the BSC allocates radio link resources for an intra-Base Station System (BSS) HHO of the mobile station based on the second target set if sufficient radio link resources cannot be allocated from the first target set. ### Claim 54 (depends on 51) The BSC of claim 51, wherein the first and second target sets include CDMA channels of different frequencies.