A semiconductor structure comprising clusters and/or nano-crystals of silicon which are present in distributed form in a matrix of a silicon compound, said clusters and/or nanocrystals of silicon having a height in the range between 0.5 nm and 20 nm and lateral dimensions in the range between 0.5 nm and 20 nm, the clusters and/or nanocrystals being separated from one another by a thermally stable silicon compound matrix material, with the mean spacing (surface to surface) between adjacent clusters and/or nanocrystals lying in the range between 0.5 nm and 100 nm, and said matrix of thermally stable silicon compound containing the clusters and/or nanocrystals of silicon being provided on a support and having a thickness in the range between 0.5 nm to 20 nm, with the clusters or nanocrystals being substantially coplanar.