# US 2004/0071019 A1 · Method of forming quantum-mechanical memory and computational devices and devices obtained thereof > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2004/0071019 A1 - Document ID: US20040071019A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 10/601,321 - Filed: 2003-06-20 - Published: 2004-04-15 - Earliest claimed: 2002-06-21 - Assignees: Interuniversitair Microelektronica Centrum (IMEC); Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - Inventors: Wim Magnus; Christoph Kerner; Wim Schoenmaker - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20040071019A1 ## CPC - G11C 11/44: using super-conductive elements, e.g. cryotron - B82Y 10/00: Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic - Y10S 505/846: using superconductive quantum interference device, i.e. squid - G11C: STATIC STORES (semiconductor memory devices H10B) - B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES - Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS ## Abstract The present invention discloses a quantum system comprising computational elements, consisting of an insulated ring of superconductive material, and semi-closed rings, which are used as an interface or input/output facility between the quantum bit and the external world. Faraday induction is used to provide electromagnetic coupling between adjacent computational elements and between the computational elements with interface elements of the quantum system. Therefore the corresponding magnetic flux acts as an information carrier. Ferromagnetic cores are used to improve the magnetic coupling between adjacent elements of the quantum system. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A device comprising: at least two computational elements, each computational element being shaped as a ring-like structure, wherein each computational element is magnetically coupled to at least one adjacent computational element; and an interface structure configured to provide magnetic access to the computational elements. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein said ring-like structure comprises a ring having a single hole therein. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The device of claim 2, wherein said ring comprises a superconducting material of type I. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1 wherein said computational element is magnetically coupled with the at least one adjacent computational element by sharing the core of a transformer. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The device of claim 4 wherein said core comprises a permalloy. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the interface structure comprises at least one input-output element, and wherein each of said input-output elements is magnetically coupled to an adjacent computational element. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the interface structure comprises: at least one input element and at least one output element, said input element and said output element being magnetically coupled to an adjacent computational element. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The device of claim 6, wherein said input-output element is configured as a semi-closed ring. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The device of claim 7, wherein each of said input element and output element is magnetically coupled to an adjacent computational element by sharing the core of a transformer. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein said computational elements are positioned in a two-dimensional array, and at least one of the computational elements at a border of this two-dimensional array is coupled to an input element, and wherein at least one of the other computational elements at the border of this two-dimensional array is coupled to an output element. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein each of the at least two computational elements is configured to change its conductive state from superconducting to ohmic conduction in response to a magnetic pulse. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, further comprising a circuit configured to provide a current to the input element, and another circuit configured to receive a current from the output element. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the ring-like structure is configured as a closed structure to allow a closed current flow therein. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The device of claim 13, wherein the ring-like structure is positioned between the interface structure and another interface structure, and wherein each interface structure comprises a semi-closed ring shaped element. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The device of claim 14, wherein one of the semi-closed ring shaped elements operates as in input for receiving a time-dependent current signal, and the other semi-closed ring shaped element operates as an output for outputting a current signal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The device of claim 15, wherein the time-dependent current signal is indicative of information in a quantum system. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the computational element comprises a topological space of genus 1. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a quantum computer. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein each of the at least two computational elements comprises a closed-ring structure having a single hole. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The device of claim 19, wherein the at least two closed-ring structures are magnetically coupled to compute information. ### Claim 21 A method of forming a device comprising at least two computational elements, the method comprising: depositing on a substrate a superconductive material; patterning said superconductive material to form the at least two computational elements and at least one input-output element; and depositing an insulating layer on at least a portion of said patterned computational elements and said patterned input-output element. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21 further comprising: depositing a first magnetic layer on said substrate, prior to the step of depositing the superconductive material; patterning said first magnetic layer to form at least a lower portion of a core shared between adjacent computational elements, said lower portion being overlapping with said adjacent computational elements; forming at least one hole in said insulating layer to expose said lower portion; and depositing a second magnetic layer to define at least vertical portions of said core. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The method of claim 22 further comprising depositing a third magnetic layer and patterning said third magnetic layer to form an upper portion of said core. ### Claim 24 A method of performing a quantum computation comprising: applying a magnetic pulse to a computational element; and causing a change in the conductive state of said computational element from superconducting to ohmic conduction, the change being responsive to applying the magnetic pulse.