Method for the analysis of the qualitative and/or quantitative composition of fluids using a light source (8) and a detection device (11, 11′, 37, 51 , 47, 48, 49) for the detection of the interaction of the light emitted by the light source (8) with the fluid, characterised in that at least a part of the light from the light source (8) due to the refractive index periodicity of a photonic band gap structure (10) propagates at a group velocity that is reduced in comparison with a vacuum and that at least a part of the light which due to the refractive index periodicity of the photonic band gap structure (10) propagates at a reduced group velocity interacts with a fluid (13) to be analysed.