Natural-language processing system using a large corpus

19) A computer system, using a provided corpus of linear natural-language elements of natural language text string data in a subject language and an input string, to be parsed, of natural-language elements in the subject language, for assisting natural-language parsing, comprising, in combination:

• a) for each of at least two natural-language input subcombinations which are potential subparses of such input string, building an equivalence list of all corpus strings syntactically equivalent to such each input string subcombination;
• b) from such equivalence lists, in different orders for each potential parse of said input string, building to a final equivalence list for each such potential parse of such input string;
• and
• c) from the number and quality of entries in each respective such final equivalence list, scoring the grammaticality of such respective potential parse.

21) A computer system, using a provided corpus of linear natural-language elements of natural language text string data in a subject language and an input string of natural-language elements in the subject language, for assisting natural-language processing, comprising, in combination:

• a) for a first adjoining pair, comprising a first pair element and a second pair element, of such natural-language elements of such input string, finding, from such string data from such corpus, a first listing of each such element syntactically equivalent to such first pair element and a second listing of each such element syntactically equivalent to such second pair element;
• and
• b) from matching each such first-listing element with each such second-listing element, making a matched-pairs third listing by finding which matched pairs of said matching are found in such string data from such corpus;
• c) wherein at least one of said first adjoining pair comprises at least a pair of natural-language elements.

25) A computer-readable medium (for a computer system, using a provided corpus of linear natural-language elements of natural language text string data in a subject language and an input string of natural-language elements in the subject language, for assisting natural-language processing) whose contents cause a computer system to determine a grammatical parse by:

• a) for each of at least two natural-language input subcombinations which are potential subparses of such input string, building an equivalence list of all corpus strings syntactically equivalent to such each input string subcombination;
• b) from such equivalence lists, in different orders for each potential parse of said input string, building to a final equivalence list for each such potential parse of such input string;
• and
• c) from the number and quality of entries in each respective such final equivalence list, scoring the grammaticality of such respective potential parse.

26) A computer-implemented natural-language system (for a computer system, using a provided corpus of linear natural-language elements of natural language text string data in a subject language and an input string of natural-language elements in the subject language, for assisting natural-language processing) comprising:

• a) for each of at least two natural-language input subcombinations which are potential subparses of such input string, means for building an equivalence list of all corpus strings syntactically equivalent to such each input string subcombination;
• b) means for building, from such equivalence lists, in different orders for each potential parse of said input string, to a final equivalence list for each such potential parse of such input string;
• and
• c) means for scoring, from the number and quality of entries in each respective such final equivalence list, the grammaticality of such respective potential parse.