Factorized power architecture with point of load sine amplitude converters

A method of supplying power to a load, comprising:

• using a bi-directional voltage transformation module (“VTM”) to convert power, via a transformer, from a source at an input voltage, Vin to a DC output voltage, Vout;
• using in the VTM an essentially constant voltage gain, K=Vout/Vin, at a load current;
• wherein the load is supplied with a voltage, VL, essentially equal to the output voltage of the VTM, Vout;
• using a first capacitance, C1, connected across VL at the point of load;
• using a second capacitance, C2, connected across Vin at the VTM input;
• providing greater energy storage at the VTM input than at the VTM output;
• wherein K≦{fraction (1/10)} and C2/K2≧10*C1;
• and
• using the VTM to convert power from the load via the transformer to the source when the voltage VL exceeds Vin*K.

An apparatus for distributing power from an input source to a load, where the load may vary over a normal operating range, comprising:

• a first regulator having a first input and a first output, the first regulator having circuitry adapted to convert power from the input source at a source voltage, Vsource, and deliver a controlled DC voltage, Vf, to the first output;
• a bus connected to the first output of the first regulator;
• a voltage transformation module (“VTM”) having a VTM input, a VTM output, and circuitry, adapted to convert power, via a transformer, from an input voltage, Vin, essentially equal to the voltage delivered to the bus, Vf, to a DC output voltage, Vout;
• the VTM having an essentially constant voltage gain, K=Vout/Vin, at a load current, Vout being less than Vin and the VTM having a time constant, TVTM;
• wherein the load is supplied with a voltage, VL, essentially equal to the output voltage of the VTM, Vout, which is regulated by the first regulator under control of a closed loop having a response time, TPRM;
• a first capacitance, C1, connected across VL at the point of load to supply instantaneous current requirements of the load for a first time interval, T1, with a maximum voltage deviation, ΔVL1, of the nominal voltage, VL, required by the load;
• a second capacitance, C2, connected across Vf at the VTM input to supply instantaneous current requirements of the VTM for a second time interval, T2, with a maximum voltage deviation, ΔVf, of the nominal voltage, Vf, at the input of the VTM;
• and
• wherein T2≧TPRM>T1≧TVTM, C2/K2≧C1, and ΔVf*K≦ΔVL1.

An apparatus for supplying power to a load, comprising:

• a bi-directional voltage transformation module (“VTM”) having a VTM input for connection to a source, a VTM output for connection to the load, and circuitry adapted to convert power, via a transformer:
• from the VTM input at a input voltage, Vin to the VTM output at a DC output voltage, Vout, and, in reverse, from the VTM output at a voltage Vout to the VTM input at a voltage Vin when the voltage Vout exceeds Vin*K;
• the VTM having an essentially constant voltage gain, K=Vout/Vin, at a load current;
• wherein the load is supplied with a voltage, VL, essentially equal to the output voltage of the VTM, Vout;
• a first capacitance, C1, connected across VL at the point of load;
• a second capacitance, C2, connected across Vin at the VTM input;
• wherein energy storage at the VTM input is greater than energy storage at the VTM output, K≦{fraction (1/10)}, and C2/K2≧10*C1.

An apparatus for supplying power to a load, comprising:

• an input for connection to a DC power source;
• voltage transformation means for converting power from the input at a input voltage, Vin to an output at a DC output voltage, Vout, at an essentially constant voltage gain, K=Vout /Vin, at a load current and, in reverse, from the output at a voltage Vout to the input at a voltage Vin when the voltage Vout exceeds Vin*K;
• wherein the load is connected to the output;
• a first energy storage device connected across the output;
• a second energy storage device connected across the input;
• wherein the second energy storage device provides at least ten times greater energy storage than the first energy storage device and K≦{fraction (1/10)}.