Ionically and covalently cross-linked polymers and polymer membranes

A covalently and ionically crosslinked polymer, having repeating units of the general formula

• —Q13 R (1)
• in which Q is a bond, oxygen, sulfur,
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• the radical R is a divalent radical of an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound, characterized in that
• a) the radical R has at least in part substituents of the general formula (4A), (4B), (4C), (4D), (4E), (4F), (4G) and/or (4H)
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• where the radicals R1 independently of one another are a bond or a group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, 5 preferably a branched or unbranched alkyl or cycloalkyl group or an optionally alkylated aryl group,
• M is hydrogen, a metal cation, preferably Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, or an optionally alkylated ammonium 10 ion, and
• X is a halogen or an optionally alkylated amino group,
• b) the radical R has at least in part substituents of the general formula (5A) and/or (5B)
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• in which R2, R3, R4 and R5 independently of one another are a group having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably a branched or unbranched alkyl or cycloalkyl group or an optionally alkylated aryl group, it being possible for at least two of the radicals R2, R3, and R4 to be closed to form an optionally aromatic ring,
• and/or the radical R is at least in part a group of the general formula (5C) and/or (5D)
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• and
• c) the radical R has at least in part bridges of the general formula (6)
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• which join at least two radicals R to one another,
• Y being a group having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably a branched or unbranched alkyl or cycloalkyl group or an optionally alkylated aryl group,
• Z is hydroxyl, a group of the general formula
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• or a group having a molecular weight of more than 20 g/mol, composed of the optional components H, C, O, N, S, P, and halogen atoms, and m is an integer greater than or equal to 2.