Fluorene derivatives and their polymers

A fluorene derivative represented by Formula (1):

• 56
• wherein A1, A2 and A3 are independently a group represented by Formula (2), 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyridazine-3,6-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, dioxane-2,5-diyl, 1,4-cyclohexylene in which optional hydrogens are replaced by fluorines, or 1,4-phenylene in which optional hydrogens are replaced by fluorine and/or chlorine, and at least one of A1, A2 and A3 is the group represented by Formula (2);
• m, n and p are independently 0 or 1, and the total thereof is 1 to 3;
• R1 is —CN, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, —OCF3, —OCF2H, —N═C═O, —N═C═S, —F, —Cl or alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and in this alkyl, one hydrogen may be replaced by (meth)acryloyloxy or vinyloxy and optional —CH2— may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CF2—, —CH═CH—, —COO—, —OCO— or —CO—;
• R2 is hydrogen or methyl;
• Z1, Z2 and Z3 are independently a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH2CH2—, —(CH2)4—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF— or —C≡C—;
• q is an integer of 0 to 10;
• and r is 0 or 1:
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• wherein two X1's are independently hydrogen, fluorine or alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.