Systems and methods for electrokinetic delivery of a substance

An electrokinetic method for delivering a substance into a body, the method comprising:

• (a) providing a substance at a substance-delivery site on the body;
• (b) placing electrodes coupled to an alternating current source in electrical contact with the body, the electrodes including a treatment electrode divided into sub-electrodes and adapted for electrical contact with the body at the substance-delivery site;
• and
• (c) supplying current to said electrodes when said electrodes are in electrical contact with the body so that a uni-directional current flow for delivering the substance into the body is maintained through said treatment electrode at the substance-delivery site and a bi-directional current flow is maintained through the body.

A method of treatment by electrokinetic self-administration of a substance into a treatment site of an individual, the method comprising:

• (a) providing a system comprising a printed circuit board on which is provided processing circuitry, a counter electrode and a treatment electrode, wherein the treatment electrode and counter electrode are formed on opposite sides of the printed circuit board;
• a substance in contact with the treatment electrode and adapted for electrical contact with the user's body at the treatment site;
• and a conductive gel in contact with the counter electrode and adapted for electrical contact with a user's finger;
• (b) releasably retaining the system on the individual's finger, with the conductive gel in electrical contact with the individual's finger;
• (c) while the system remains retained on the individual's finger, placing the substance in contact with the treatment site;
• and
• (d) causing electrical current to flow through said treatment electrode, the substance, the treatment site, the individual's body, and said counter electrode to electrokinetically drive the substance into the treatment site.