Cellulose copolymers that modify fibers and surfaces and methods of making same
AssigneeSymyx Technologies, Inc.
InventorsDominique Charmot, Manikandan Jayaraman, Han Ting Chang, Paul Mansky, Wilfried Blokzijl
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Abstract
Cellulosic polymers, copolymers and grafts, are disclosed that adhere to fibers and surfaces during an aqueous treatment process. The cellulosic polymers having grafts and/or co-blocks are prepared using living-type free radical polymerization techniques, which provides control over the degree of substitution and graft/co-block composition and structure. These cellulosic polymers allow for the modification of fibers and surfaces to provide a desired effect.
Claims31
A graft polymer comprising,
- a cellulosic backbone and a plurality of graft chains extending from said backbone, each of said plurality of grafts chains having a degree of polymerization between 25 and 250;
- wherein said graft polymer is substantially free of cross-linking and has a degree of substitution of grafts across a bulk sample in the range of from 0.02 to 0.2.
A graft copolymer comprising a cellulosic backbone and a plurality of graft chains extending from said backbone, each of said plurality of grafts chains having a degree of polymerization between 5 and 50;
- wherein said graft polymer is substantially free of cross-linking and has a degree of substitution of grafts across a bulk sample in the range of from 0.1 to 1.0.
A compound characterized by the following the general formula:
- 14
- where SU represents a sugar unit in a cellulosic backbone, L is an optional linker, Y is a control agent site from which a polymer may propagate during a free radical polymerization reaction, a is in the range of from about 3-80, b is in the range of from about 1-25, c is 0 or 1, and d is 1-3.
A polymer comprising,
- a polymeric backbone selected from the group consisting of cellulose, modified cellulose and hemi-cellulose;
- and
- at least one pendant polymeric chain attached to said polymeric backbone, wherein said at least one chain comprises a control agent moiety that is selected from the group consisting of
- 17
- where Z is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, amino;
- R″ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted hydrocarbyl and heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, and the group is attached to the linker or sugar unit via either the Z or R″ groups;
- and
- (2) —O—NR5R6, wherein each of R5 and R6 is independently selected from the group of hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom containing hydrocarbyl and substituted heteroatom containing hydrocarbyl;
- and optionally R5 and R6 are joined together in a ring structure.
A process for preparing cellulosic polymers, comprising:
- (a) attaching at least one control agent to a polymeric backbone selected from the group consisting of cellulose, modified cellulose and hemi-cellulose;
- said control agent moiety being selected from the group consisting of
- 18
- where Z is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, amino;
- R″ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted hydrocarbyl and heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, and the group is attached to the linker or sugar unit via either the Z or R″ groups;
- and
- (2) —I—O-NR5R6, wherein I initiates free radical polymerization upon cleavage of the I—O bond an each of R5 and R6 is independently selected from the group of hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom containing hydrocarbyl and substituted heteroatom containing hydrocarbyl;
- and optionally R5 and R6 are joined together in a ring structure;
- and
- (b) polymerizing at least one free radically polyrnerizable monomer from the point of attachment of said at least one control agent.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.