Enzymatic fuel cell

A method of producing electrical power comprising:

• in an anode compartment, enzymatically reducing electron carrier(s) with electrons from a C1 compound, the electron carrier(s) selected to operate with the dehydrogenase enzymes;
• directly transferring the electrons from the electron carrier(s) to an anode electrode;
• transferring electrical current via an electrical conduit under an electrical load to a cathode electrode;
• and
• transferring the electrons from the cathode electrode to an electron acceptor composition.

A method of producing electrical power comprising:

• in an anode compartment, enzymatically reducing electron carrier(s) with electrons from a C1 compound, the electron carrier(s) selected to operate with the dehydrogenase enzymes;
• directly transferring the electrons from the electron carrier(s) to the electron transfer mediator(s);
• transferring the electrons from the electron transfer mediator(s) to the anode electrode;
• transferring electrical current via an electrical conduit under an electrical load to a cathode electrode;
• and
• transferring the electrons from the cathode electrode to an electron acceptor composition.

A method of producing electrical power comprising:

• in an anode compartment, enzymatically reducing electron carrier(s) with electrons from a C1 compound, the electron carrier(s) selected to operate with the dehydrogenase enzymes;
• enzymatically transferring the electrons from the electron carrier(s) to second electron carrier(s);
• directly transferring the electrons from the second electron carrier(s) to the electron transfer mediator(s);
• transferring electrons from the electron transfer mediator(s) to the anode electrode;
• transferring electrical current via an electrical conduit under an electrical load to a cathode electrode;
• and
• transferring electrons from the cathode electrode to an electron acceptor composition.

A fuel cell with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment comprising:

• in the anode compartment, an anode electrode and electron carrier(s);
• in the anode compartment, one or more dehydrogenase enzymes effective to transfer electrons from a C1 compound to an electron carrier;
• in the cathode compartment, a cathode electrode which, when a conductive pathway to the first electrode is formed, is effective to convey the electrons to an electron acceptor composition in the cathode compartment;
• and
• a barrier separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment but comprising a proton pumping polypeptide effective to transport protons from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment.

A method of producing electrical power comprising:

• in an anode compartment, enzymatically reducing electron carrier(s) with electrons from a C1 compound, the electron carrier(s) selected to operate with the dehydrogenase enzymes;
• enzymatically transferring the electrons from the electron carrier(s) to the redox enzyme;
• transferring the electrons from the redox enzyme to electron transfer mediator(s);
• transferring the electrons from the electron transfer mediator(s) to the anode electrode;
• transferring electrical current via an electrical conduit under an electrical load to a cathode electrode;
• and
• transferring the electrons from the cathode electrode to an electron acceptor composition.

A fuel cell with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment comprising:

• in the anode compartment, an anode electrode and one or more dehydrogenase enzymes effective to transfer electrons from a C1 compound to an electron carrier, the anode compartment further comprising a liquid for supporting the dehydrogenase enzymes and adapted to maintain during operation of the fuel cell a pH of 8.0 or higher;
• in the cathode compartment, hydrogen peroxide and a cathode electrode which, when a conductive pathway to the first electrode is formed, is effective to convey the electrons to an electron acceptor composition in the cathode compartment, the anode adapted to maintain during operation of the fuel cell a pH of 5.0 or lower;
• and
• a barrier separating the anode compartment from the cathode but effective to convey protons from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment.