Single stage denitration
OwnerBradley J. Masoninventor
Life of this patent
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Abstract
A system and method is described having a single reaction vessel (12) using superheated steam optionally augmented by oxygen for reducing nitrogen oxides present in a wide variety of organic compounds. Reduction takes place quickly when a steam/oxygen mixture is injected into a fluidized bed (22) of ceramic beads. Reducing additives are metered into the reaction vessel (12) and/or provide energy input to reduce nitrates to nitrogen. The speed of the fluidizing gas mixture agitates the beads that then help to break up solid wastes and to allow self-cleaning through abrasion thereby eliminating agglomerates, and the oxygen, when used, allows for some oxidation of waste by-products and provides an additional offset for thermal requirements of operation.
Claims53
A method for removing nitrogen oxides, said method comprising the steps of:
- providing a waste feed containing nitrogen oxides;
- providing a reaction vessel containing a reaction bed having at least two zones;
- heating said reaction vessel to an operating temperature;
- and
- introducing steam, at least one additive, and waste material into said reaction vessel wherein said steam is injected at a velocity that agitates said waste material and elutriates fine solids from said reaction vessel;
- operating at least one of said at least two zones under strongly reducing conditions so that substantially all of said nitrogen oxides in said waste material are reduced at said operating temperature, thereby eliminating substantially all said nitrogen oxides present in said waste material and leaving an inorganic residue of decreased concentration in said nitrogen oxide and a gaseous effluent of decreased concentration in said nitrogen oxide.
A method for removing nitrogen oxides, said method comprising the steps of:
- providing a waste feed containing nitrogen oxides;
- providing a reaction vessel containing a lower reaction bed having at least one zone and an upper reaction bed having at least one zone;
- heating said reaction vessel to an operating temperature;
- and
- introducing at least one fluidizing gas, at least one additive, at least one co-reactant, and waste material into said reaction vessel wherein said steam is injected at a velocity that agitates said waste material and elutriates fine solids from said reaction vessel;
- operating at least one zone of said upper reaction bed and said lower reaction bed under strongly reducing conditions so that substantially all of said nitrogen oxides in said waste material are reduced at said operating temperature, thereby eliminating substantially all said nitrogen oxides present in said waste material and leaving an inorganic residue of decreased concentration in said nitrogen oxide and a gaseous effluent of decreased concentration in said nitrogen oxide.
A method for removing nitrogen oxides, said method comprising the steps of:
- providing a waste feed containing nitrogen oxides;
- providing a first reaction vessel having at least one zone that is in fluid communication with a second reaction vessel having at least one zone;
- heating said reaction vessel to an operating temperature;
- and
- introducing steam, at least one additive, at least one co-reactant, and waste material into said reaction vessel wherein said steam is injected at a velocity that agitates said waste material and elutriates fine solids from said reaction vessel;
- operating at least one zone of said first reaction vessel and said second reaction vessel under strongly reducing conditions so that substantially all of said nitrogen oxides in said waste material are reduced at said operating temperature, thereby eliminating substantially all said nitrogen oxides present in said waste material and leaving an inorganic residue of decreased concentration in said nitrogen oxide and a gaseous effluent of decreased concentration in said nitrogen oxide.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.