Multifunctional additive compositions enabling middle distillates to be operable in cold conditions
AssigneeElf Antar France
InventorsFrank G Eydoux, Philippe Puf Flores, Dominique Vichard, Laurent Germaunaud
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Abstract
The invention concerns a multifunctional additive enabling fuels to be operable in cold conditions, consisting of copolymers of at least a dicarboxylic compound with at least an olefin, and whereon are grafted nitrogenous functions and/or esters of general formula (I) wherein: R1 and R2, and R4 and R5, R3 and R6 are hydrogen or alkyl radicals, and x is selected among the amine salts and N-alkylpolyalkylenepolyamines and their monohydroxylated and polyhydroxylated derivatives, N-alkylpolyalkylenepolyamine alkylesters and esters, and alkylamines and N-alkylpolyalkylenepolyamines.
Claims15
1- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil, containing a major part of a hydrocarbon base comprising petrols, middle distillates, synthetic fuels, animal or vegetable oils, esterified or not, and their mixtures, and a minor part, from 50 to 1000 ppm, of at least one multifunctional additive enabling fuels to be operable in cold conditions, this additive comprising copolymers of at least one dicarboxylic compound with at least one olefin, and whereon are grafted nitrogenous functions and/or esters of general formula (I) hereafter:
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- wherein:
- R1 and R2, identical or different, are hydrogen or alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R3 and R6, identical or different, are hydrogen or alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, where R3 is selected among alkyl groups containing from 12 to 30 carbon atoms when R6 is hydrogen and vice versa, R4 and R5, identical or different, correspond to hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, with n and m whole numbers varying between 1 and 50, and X is selected among:
- i) amine salts of the type
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- wherein R′1 and R′2, identical or different, are selected among alkyl groups containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkylamines containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, N-alkylpolyalkylene-amines of formula (II) hereafter:
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- wherein R′3 and R′4, identical or different, are hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and x, y and z whole numbers, x varying between 1 and 6 and y and z varying between 0 and 6, and mono- and poly-hydroxylated amines and polyamines;
- ii) esters —OR′5, R′5 selected among alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and N-alkylpolyalkylene-polyamines of formula (II);
- iii) alkylamines containing from 1 to 44 carbon atoms;
- N-alkylpolyalkylene-polyamines of formula (II);
- and when R6 is hydrogen the group —NR″1R″2 in which R″1 and R″2, identical or different, are selected among alkylamines containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and N-alkylpolyalkylenepolyamines from the group comprising N-alkyldiethylene-triamines, N-alkyldipropylene-triamines, N-alkyltriethylene-tetramines, N-alkyltetraethylene-pentamines and N-alkyltetrapropylene-pentamines, or one of R″1 and R″2 is an alkyl group of 12 to 18 carbon atoms and the other is selected among alkylamines containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and N-alkylpolyalkylene-polyamines from the group comprising N-alkyldiethylene-triamines, N-alkyldipropylene-triamines, N-alkyltriethylene-tetramines, N-alkyltetraethylene-pentamines and N-alkyltetrapropylene-pentamines;
- the copolymer of formula (I) containing from 45 to 65 mole % of at least one olefin unit and from 55 to 35 mole % of at least one dicarboxylic unit.
2- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that X is selected among:
- iii) alkylamines containing from 1 to 44 carbon atoms.
3- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dicarboxylic units are selected among anhydride type units selected in the group comprising maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride and fumaric acid, and olefin units selected among linear or branched alkenyl units containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
4- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the copolymer is selected among the maleic anhydride—octadecene, maleic anhydride—dodecene and maleic anhydride—hexadecene copolymers.
5- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that R1 and R2 are radicals selected among the group comprising dodecyl and octadecyl radicals and R3 is selected among alkyl groups containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
6- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the copolymer is a compound of formula (III) hereafter:
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- wherein:
- R′1 and R′2, identical or different, are selected among alkyl radicals containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, alkyl- and N-alkyl-polyalkylene-polyamines of formula (II) and hydroxylated amines from the group comprising diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, N-butylamine, N-decylethanolamine and N-dodecylethanolamine and their alkoxylated derivatives;
- and R3 is selected among decyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl radicals.
7- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the copolymer is a compound of formula (IV) hereafter:
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- wherein;
- R″1 and R″2, identical or different, are selected among alkyl radicals containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, alkylamines containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and N-alkylpolyalkylene-polyamines from the group comprising N-alkyldiethylene-triamines, N-alkyldipropylene-triamines, N-alkyltriethylene-tretramines, N-alkyltetraethylene-pentamines and N-alkyltetrapolypropylene-pentamines,
- and R3 is selected among decyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl radicals.
8- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the copolymer is a compound of formula (IV) hereafter
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- wherein:
- —NR″1 R″2 is an alkylamine containing from 1 to 44 carbon atoms.
- and R3 is selected among decyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl radicals.
9- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the copolymer is a compound of formula (IV) hereafter:
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- wherein:
- R″1 and R″2, identical or different, are selected among alkyl radicals with 12 to 18 carbon atoms,
- and R3 is selected among decyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl radicals.
10- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the copolymer is a compound of formula (V) hereafter:
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- wherein:
- R′5 is selected among alkyl radicals containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms and N-alkylpolyalkylene-polyamines of formula (II) from the group comprising N-alkyldiethylene-triamines, N-alkyldipropylene-triamines, N-alkyltriethylene-tetramines, N-alkyltetraethylene-pentamines and N-alkyltetrapropylene-pentamines;
- and R′3 is selected among decyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl radicals.
11- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the alkylamines and the N-alkylpolyalkylene-polyamines of formula (II) are selected among the group comprising dibutylamine, didodecylamine, dioctadecylamine, N-alkylethylene-diamines, N-alkylpropylene-diamines, N-alkylbutylene-diamines, N-alkyldiethylene-triamines, N-alkyldipropylene-triamines, N-alkyldibutylene-triamines, N-alkyltriethylene-tetramines, N-alkyltripropylene-tetramines, N-alkyltributylene-tetramines, N-alkyltetraethylene-pentamines, N-alkyltetrapropylene-pentamines and N-alkyltributylene-pentamines with an alkyl radical containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably N-dodecyldipropylene-triamine, N-octadecyldipropylene-triamine, N-octadecyidiethylene-triamine and N-docosyldiethylene-triamine.
12- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to claim 1, wherein the additive is a compound of formula (III) hereafter
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- comprising a copolymer containing maleic anhydride units and octadecene units in a molar ratio of 1/1, wherein R1, R2, R′1 and R′2 are identical and correspond to a dodecylamine radical.
13- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive is a compound of formula (IV) hereafter:
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- comprising a copolymer containing maleic anhydride units and octadecene units in a molar ratio of 1/1, wherein R1 and R″1 are hydrogen atoms, R2 is a butyl radical and R″2 is a dodecyl radical.
14- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to claim 1, wherein the additive is a compound of formula (V) hereafter:
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- comprising a copolymer containing maleic anhydride units and octadecene units in a molar ratio of 1/1, wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, R2 is an ethylamine radical and R′5 is a hexadecyl radical.
15- Combustible, fuel and/or fuel oil according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it contains at least one additive selected among filterability and/or flow additives, cetane number improvement additives, catalytic combustion and soot promoters, detergents, lubricating additives, anti-wear additives, anti-foaming additives, anti-corrosion additives and other additives or additive compositions for improving the cloud point, the dispersion and the sedimentation of paraffins.