Fuel comprising an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon
AssigneeCam Tecnologie S.p.A..
InventorsGuido Rivolta, Tiziano Ambrosini, Attilio Citterio, Enrico Albizzati
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Abstract
Fuel comprising an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon, said emulsion being stabilized by adding a polymeric surfactant obtainable by reaction between: (i) a polyolefin oligomer functionalized with at least one group deriving from a dicarboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof; and (ii) a polyoxyalkylene comprising linear oxyalkylene units, said polyoxyalkylene being linked to a long-chain alkyl group optionally containing one or more ethylenic unsaturations. The fuel has high stability over time, without forming carbonaceous deposits which adhere to metal surfaces.
Claims28
Fuel comprising an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon, said emulsion being stabilized by an emulsifier, characterized in that the said emulsifier is a polymeric surfactant obtainable by reaction between:
- (i) a polyolefin oligomer functionalized with at least one group deriving from a dicarboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof;
- and (ii) a polyoxyalkylene comprising linear oxyalkylene units, said polyoxyalkylene being linked to a long-chain alkyl group optionally containing one or-more ethylenic unsaturations.
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyolefin oligomer derives from polymerization of mixtures of olefins having 4 carbon atoms, and mainly contains isobutene repeating units of formula:
- 4
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyoxyalkylene is a polyoxy-ethylene having from 2 to 40 oxyethylene units of formula —CH2CH2O—.
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyoxyalkylene is linked to a long-chain alkyl group, of linear or branched structure, optionally containing one or more ethylenic unsaturations, having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms.
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyoxyalkylene is linked to the long-chain alkyl group via an ester group.
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyolefin oligomer is functionalized by reaction with a dicarboxylic acid derivative selected from:
- acyl halides, C1-C4 esters and anhydrides.
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the functionalized polyolefin oligomer is obtained by reaction between maleic anhydride and a polyisobutene containing not less than 65% of exo double bonds.
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymeric surfactant is present in an amount of between 0.1 and 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the fuel.
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon has a viscosity at 40° C. of between 1 and 53 cSt and a density at 15° C. of between 0.75 and 1.1 kg/dm3.
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims;
- wherein the water is present in an amount of between 3 and 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the fuel.
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, also comprising at least one cetane improver.
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, also comprising at least one biocide.
Fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, also comprising at least one alcohol.
Process for fueling a combustion apparatus comprising at least a combustion chamber, comprising:
- feeding a fuel to said at least one combustion chamber;
- igniting said fuel in said at least one combustion chamber;
- wherein said fuel comprises an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon according to anyone of claims from 1 to 26.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.