A method of acquiring an infrared spectrum of a sample having or suspected to have an amide I band, an amide II band, an amide III band, an amide A band, an OH stretching region or a combination thereof, wherein the sample is disposed in an aqueous solution, the method comprising:
- (a) providing a sample;
- (b) providing an internal reflection element (IRE) comprising a functionalized tip;
- (c) contacting the sample with the IRE to form a sample-IRE interface;
- (d) directing a beam of infrared (IR) radiation through the IRE under conditions such that the IR radiation interacts with the sample-IRE interface once;
- (e) recording a reflectance profile over a range of preselected frequencies, whereby an infrared spectrum of the sample having or suspected of having an amide I band, an amide II band, an amide III band, an amide A band, an OH stretching region or a combination thereof, wherein the sample is disposed in an aqueous solution is acquired.