Papillomavirus infected epithelial cells and methods of producing infectious papillomavirus in epithelial cells and uses thereof

A method of producing infectious papillomavirus in vitro, wherein said method comprises:

• (a) introducing papillomavirus or papillomavirus DNA or portions thereof necessary for replication, into an epithelial cell;
• and
• (b) providing conditions that produce infectious papillomavirus, wherein said conditions comprise said epithelial cell not contacting an organotypic raft culture or a dermal equivalent.

A method of producing infectious papillomavirus in vitro, wherein said method consists essentially of:

• (a) introducing papillomavirus or papillomavirus DNA or portions thereof necessary for replication, into an epithelial cell;
• and
• (b) providing conditions that produce infectious papillomavirus.

A method of producing a mutant or recombinant papillomavirus, wherein said method comprises:

• (a) introducing mutant or recombinant papillomavirus DNA or portions thereof necessary for replication, into an epithelial cell;
• and
• (b) providing conditions that produce infectious mutant or recombinant papillomavirus in said epithelial cell, wherein said conditions comprise said epithelial cell not contacting a fibroblast;

A method of producing a non-keratinocyte epithelial helper cell for production of mutant or recombinant papillomavirus comprising:

• (a) introducing papillomavirus DNA or portions thereof, into a non-keratinocyte epithelial cell, wherein said DNA or portions thereof, supplements the replication of said mutant or recombinant papillomavirus;
• and
• (b) providing conditions that produce said non-keratinocyte epithelial helper cell containing said papillomavirus DNA or portions thereof, that supplements the replication of said mutant or recombinant papillomavirus, wherein said conditions comprise said epithelial cell not contacting a fibroblast.

A method of reducing the risk of spontaneous abortion caused by papillomavirus comprising:

• administering to a subject at risk of spontaneous abortion a drug that inhibits papillomavirus.