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AssigneeThe University of Chicago
InventorsChun-Hua Chen, Yoo Eup Hyung, Donald R. Vissers, Khalil Amine
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A lithium battery with improved safety that utilizes one or more additives in the battery electrolyte solution wherein a lithium salt is dissolved in an organic solvent, which may contain propylene, carbonate. For example, a blend of 2 wt % triphenyl phosphate (TPP), 1 wt % diphenyl monobutyl phosphate (DMP) and 2 wt % vinyl ethylene carbonate additives has been found to significantly enhance the safety and performance of Li-ion batteries using a LiPF6 salt in EC/DEC electrolyte solvent. The invention relates to both the use of individual additives and to blends of additives such as that shown in the above example at concentrations of 1 to 4-wt % in the lithium battery electrolyte. This invention relates to additives that suppress gas evolution in the cell, passivate graphite electrode and protect it from exfoliating in the presence of propylene carbonate solvents in the electrolyte, and retard flames in the lithium batteries.
A non-aqueous rechargeable lithium battery having a lithium insertion compound positive electrode, a negative electrode of one or more of lithium, lithium compound, and carbon, a solvent for a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt and a blend of flame retardants and anode passivation additives, and gassing suppression additives, said flame retardant additive selected from one or more of aryl/alkyl phosphate, such as a triphenyl phosphate, (C6H5)3PO4, a diphenyl monobutylphosphate, (DMP)C4H9(C6H5)2PO4, and aphenyl alkyl phosphate, (C6H5)R2PO4, a cyclic ethyl carbonate, C2H4CO3, and derivatives thereof, where the 1 to 4 hydrogen groups are replaced with a C1-C6 alkane, a fluoridated C1-C6 alkane, an unsaturated alkane carbonate and a mixtures thereof, and said anode passivation material being one or more of the following:
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.