Ethylenically unsaturated amine salts of sulfonic, phosphoric, and carboxylic acids
AssigneeStepan Company
InventorAlfred K. Schultz
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Abstract
Disclosed are ethylenically unsaturated amine salts of sulfonic, phosphoric and carboxylic acids. The salts are surface active agents which are useful in a variety of applications as primary and/or secondary surfactants. The salts are especially useful as surfactants in emulsion polymerization reactions.
Claims69
A polymerizable, surface active agent comprising wherein the polymerizable, surface active agent is a salt or quaternary nitrogen compound comprising:
- a) at least one acid, wherein the acid is a sulfonic acid, a carboxylic acid, or a phosphoric acid, or a mixture thereof;
- and
- b) at least one nitrogenous base, wherein the nitrogenous base contains at least one nitrogen atom and at least one ethylenically unsaturated moiety;
- wherein the polymerizable, surface active agent is a salt or quaternary nitrogen compound.
A polymerizable, surface active agent according to claim 21, which is of the formula:
- 29
- wherein n1=2-18;
- and wherein n2=1-20.
A polymerizable, surface active agent according to claim 42, wherein M+ is a conjugate acid of the nitrogenous base, the nitrogenous base selected from the group consisting of allyl amine, diallyl amine, triallyl amine, methallyl amine, N-methyl N-allyl amine, or 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate, and mixtures thereof;
- wherein R′ is methyl, ethyl, propyl or hydrogen;
- and wherein n=2-5.
An aqueous, surface active solution, comprising:
- a) a polymerizable, surface active agent, comprising:
- 1. at least one acid, wherein the acid is a sulfonic acid, a carboxylic acid, or a phosphoric acid, or a mixture thereof;
- and
- 2. at least one nitrogenous base, wherein the nitrogenous base contains at least one nitrogen atom and at least one ethylenically unsaturated moiety;
- wherein the polymerizable, surface active agent is a salt or quaternary nitrogen compound;
- and
- b) water.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.