Proton conducting membranes for high temperature fuel cells developed with sold state "water free" proton conducting membranes

A method of forming a “water free,” proton conducting membrane for use in a fuel cell comprising:

• preparing triethylenediamine bisulfate, triflate or phosphate salts in fine particulate form;
• combining the prepared triethylenediamine bisulfate, triflate or phosphate salts with nanoparticulate oxides and Teflon®;
• and
• processing the combined materials into membranes.

A method of forming a “water free,” proton conducting membrane for use in a fuel cell comprising:

• providing a condensation polymer poly {1,4-xylenyl} piperazine;
• and
• quaternizing the condensation polymer poly {1,4-xylenyl} piperazine with bisulfate or hydrogen phosphate to obtain a molecular structure given by
• 7

A method of forming a “water free,” proton conducting membrane for use in a fuel cell comprising:

• providing poly-4-vinyl pyridine bisulfate prepared by the “spontaneous” polymerization of the monomeric salt of 4-vinyl pyridine in polar solvents through ionically-induced reactions initiated by the anion of the salt to result in the chemical structure shown below,
• 8
• where R is an alkyl or aryl group;
• and
• casting the poly-4-vinyl pyridine bisulfate into the form of a membrane.

A method of forming a “water free,” proton conducting membrane for use in a fuel cell comprising:

• providing poly-2-vinyl pyridine hydrogen sulfate or poly-2-vinyl pyridine hydrogen phosphate prepared by reaction of the poly-2-vinyl pyridine with sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid a shown below,
• 9
• where X is bisulfate or hydrogen phosphate anion;
• casting the poly-2-vinyl pyridine hydrogen sulfate or poly-2-vinyl pyridine hydrogen phosphate into the form of a membrane.