Magnetic recording medium and magnetic recording apparatus

A magnetic storage apparatus, having:

• a magnetic recording medium, a driver for driving it in the recording direction, a composite head having an inductive magnetic head for recording and a spin-valve type magnetic head for reading in combination, a means for causing the head to perform relative movement with respect to the medium, and a read/write signal processing means with respect to the head;
• wherein
• the magnetic recording medium, comprising:
• a non-magnetic substrate;
• a plurality of underlayers formed on the non-magnetic substrate;
• and
• a magnetic layer formed on the non-magnetic substrate via the plurality of the underlayers, the magnetic layer including a lower magnetic layer containing at least one of Ru or Re in an amount of not less than 3 at % to not more than 30 at %, and Cr in an amount of not less than 0 at % to not more than 18 at %, and further containing at least one of B or C in an amount of not less than 0 at % to not more than 20 at %, and the balance being made up of Co, and an upper magnetic layer containing Co as a main component, anti-ferromagnetically coupled with the lower magnetic layer via a non-magnetic intermediate layer, and
• the plurality of the underlayers comprising a non-magnetic and amorphous structured first underlayer containing Co or Ni as a main component, and a body-centered cubic structured second underlayer containing Cr.